(Download) NCERT Book For Class XII : Computer Science
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(Download) NCERT Book For Class XII : Computer Science
CONTENTS
Foreword iii
Preface v
Chapter 1 Exception Handling in Python 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Syntax Errors 1
1.3 Exceptions 3
1.4 Built-in Exceptions 3
1.5 Raising Exceptions 4
1.6 Handling Exceptions 7
1.7 Finally Clause 13
Chapter 2 File Handling in Python 19
2.1 Introduction to Files 19
2.2.Types of Files 20
2.3 Opening and Closing a Text File 21
2.4 Writing to a Text File 23
2.5 Reading from a Text File 25
2.6 Setting Offsets in a File 28
2.7 Creating and Traversing a Text File 29
2.8 The Pickle Module 32
Chapter 3 Stack 39
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Stack 40
3.3 Operations on Stack 42
3.4 Implementation of Stack in Python 43
3.5 Notations for Arithmetic Expressions 46
3.6 Conversion from Infix to Postfix Notation 47
3.7 Evaluation of Postfix Expression 49
Chapter 4 Queue 53
4.1 Introduction to Queue 53
4.2 Operations on Queue 55
4.3 Implementation of Queue using Python 56
4.4 Introduction to Deque 59
4.5 Implementation of Deque Using Python 61
Chapter 5 Sorting 67
5.1 Introduction 67
5.2 Bubble Sort 68
5.3 Selection Sort 71
5.4 Insertion Sort 74
5.5 Time Complexity of Algorithms 77
Chapter 6 Searching 81
6.1 Introduction 81
6.2 Linear Search 82
6.3 Binary Search 85
6.4 Search by Hashing 90
Chapter 7 Understanding Data 97
7.1 Introduction to Data 97
7.2 Data Collection 101
7.3 Data Storage 102
7.4 Data Processing 102
7.5 Statistical Techniques for Data Processing 103
Chapter 8 Database Concepts 111
8.1 Introduction 111
8.2 File System 112
8.3 Database Management System 115
8.4 Relational Data Model 120
8.5 Keys in a Relational Database 123
Chapter 9 Structured Query Language (SQL) 131
9.1 Introduction 131
9.2 Structured Query Language (SQL) 131
9.3 Data Types and Constraints in MySQL 133
9.4 SQL for Data Definition 134
9.5 SQL for Data Manipulation 141
9.6 SQL for Data Query 144
9.7 Data Updation and Deletion 154
9.8 Functions in SQL 156
9.9 GROUP BY Clause in SQL 167
9.10 Operations on Relations 169
9.11 Using Two Relations in a Query 172
Chapter 10 Computer Networks 181
10.1 Introduction to Computer Networks 181
10.2 Evolution of Networking 183
10.3 Types of Networks 184
10.4 Network Devices 187
10.5 Networking Topologies 191
10.6 Identifying Nodes in a Networked Communication 194
10.7 Internet, Web and the Internet of Things 195
10.8 Domain Name System 197
Chapter 11 Data Communication 203
11.1 Concept of Communication 203
11.2 Components of data Communication 204
11.3 Measuring Capacity of Communication Media 205
11.4 Types of Data Communication 206
11.5 Switching Techniques 208
11.6 Transmission Media 209
11.7 Mobile Telecommunication Technologies 215
11.8 Protocol 216
Chapter 12 Security Aspects 223
12.1 Threats and Prevention 223
12.2 Malware 224
12.3 Antivirus 230
12.4 Spam 231
12.5 HTTP vs HTTPS 231
12.6 Firewall 232
12.7 Cookies 233
12.8 Hackers and Crackers 234
12.9 Network Security Threats 235
Chapter 13 Project Based Learning 241
13.1 Introduction 241
13.2 Approaches for Solving Projects 242
13.3 Teamwork 243
13.4 Project Descriptions 245
Courtesy: ncert.nic.in