POLITICAL SCIENCE (028) Marking Scheme – Set II
CLASS – XII (2015-16)

1.     Sri Lanka

2.         Globalization  as  a  concept  fundamentally  deals  with  the  flow  ideas,  people, commodities and capital from one part of the world to another.

3.         After communal partition, the Indian leaders felt that carving out states on the basis of language might lead to further disruption and disintegration of the country.

4.     It lacked direction, leadership and a common programme.

5.         Its advocates say that it would benefit huge areas Gujarat and three adjoining states in terms of availability of drinking water and water for irrigation, generation of             electricity and increase in agricultural production.

6.         A)  The  concept  of  logic  of  deterrence  played  a  vital  role  in  averting  the outbreak of another world war.   It implies that when two rival powers are in possession of nuclear weapons capable of inflicting death and destruction unacceptable to each other, a full fledged war is unlikely.

B)   Thus, the cold war in spite of being an intense form of rivalry between great powers remained cold and not hot shooting war.

7.         Non alignment policy cannot be equated as a policy of isolationism on the two basis:

  a) Non alignment is not isolationism since isolationism means remaining aloof from the world affairs.
 b) It sums up the foreign policy of the US from the American war of Independence in 1787 up to the beginning of the First World War.
8.  The report proposed a reform of the global trading system so as to:

i) give the LDCs control over their natural resources exploited by the developed western world,
ii) Obtain access to Western markets so that the LDCs could sell their products and, therefore, make trade more beneficial for the poorer countries,
iii) reduce the cost of technology from the western countries, and
iv) provide the LDCs with a greater role in international economic institutions.
 9.         I) The Critics of globalization believe that this process pose a threat to rich cultural heritage of the world. It does so, because leads to the rise of a uniform culture or cultural homogenization. The rise of this uniform culture is not the emergence of a global culture. What we have in the name of the global culture is the imposition of western culture on the rest of the world.
II) The culture of politically and economically dominant society leaves its imprint on the less
powerful society, and the world begins to look more like the dominant power wishes it to be.
10.         A) Resistance to Globalization has come from different quarters. There have been  left wing protests to economic liberalization voiced through political parties as well as through forums like The Indian social Forum.
B)Trade unions of industrial work force as well those representing farmers interests have organized protests against the entry of multi nationals.

11.  The  various  steps  undertaken  by  IMF,  World  Bank  to  make  a  transition  from  communism  to capitalism are as follows:
a) Each of these countries was required to make a total shift to a capitalist economy, which meant rooting out completely any structure evolved during the Soviet period.
b)  It  meant  that  private  ownership  was  to  be  the  dominant  pattern  of  ownership  of  property. Privatization of the state assets and corporate ownership patterns were to be immediately brought in.
c) Collective farms were to be replaced by private farming and capitalism in agriculture.
d) Development was now to be envisaged through more trade, and thus a sudden and complete switch to free trade was considered essential. The free trade regime and foreign direct investment (FDI) were the main engines of change.     (1x4=4)