THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

PREAMBLE

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a 1 SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens :

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the 2 [unity and integrity of the Nation];

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

Contents :

PART-I : SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Unit 1 : Methods of Natural and Social Sciences ................... 1
Unit 2 : Observation and Experiment ............................. 14
Unit 3 : Science and Hypothesis ................................... 21
Unit 4 : Mill's Methods of Experimental Enquiry ............... 26
Unit 5 : Nyâya Theory of Knowledge ............................. 39

PART-II : LOGIC

Unit 6 : The Nature and Subject Matter of Logic ............... 52
Unit 7.1 : Terms and Propositions .................................... 60
Unit 7.2 : Terms .......................................................... 68
Unit 7.3 : Square of Opposition ....................................... 75
Unit 7.4 : Other Forms of Immediate Inferences .................. 80
Unit 8 : Categorical Syllogism ...................................... 85
Unit 9 : Elements of Symbolic Logic ............................... 99
Unit 10 : Buddhist Formal Logic ...................................... 116

Courtesy: Central Board of Secondary Education

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