Social Science Class - X 
Sample Paper (1996) Part - V
(Solved)

 
Trace the growth of Militant Nationalism in India from 1905 to 1918. (marks 6)

Ans) During the period 1885-1905, the congress depended on constitutional means of appeals & prayers however, it did not yield any fruits. Therefore the young leaders of congress like Tilak, Lal Lajpat Rai & Bipin Chandra Pal started with a more militant form of nationalism. They wanted to achieve Swaraj through revolutionary means & a continuous struggle.

The conditions for the emergence of militant nationalism had thus developed when in 1905 the partition of Bengal was announced. The INC & the nationalists of Bengal & different sections of the population rose up in spontaneous opposition to the partition of their province. An anti-partition movement was initiated with massive hartals & fasting. A step forward was taken with the Swadeshi & the Boycott movement. Burning of foreign cloth & picketing of shops followed. The stress was on self-reliance, self confidence & self-dependence. Tilak, through Kesari & Maratha spread the nationalistic feeling nationwide.

The period also saw the rise of revolutionary Terrorism. The youth of Bengal found all avenue of peaceful protest & Political action blocked & out of desperation they fell back upon individual heroic action & the cult of the bomb. Many newspaper like Sandhya, Kal & yugantar had started propagating revolutionary terrorism. Thus in December 1907, an attempt was made on the life of lieutenant Governor of Bengal. In April 1908 Khudiram Bose & Prafulla Chaki threw a bomb at a carriage occupies by Kingsford. Secret societies like Anushilan Samiti came up. However, terrorists could not mobilise the masses as it had no base among the people.

The moderates & the militant nationalists, however, could not see eye to eye & this led to a split in the congress in 1907.

The extremists supported the government during the first world war in a hope that Britain would repay India's loyalty. Two Home Rule league were started in 1915-16, one under the leadership of Tilak & the other under Annie Besant. They worked in cooperation & carried out intense propaganda all over the country in favour of the demand for the grant of Home Rule or self - government to India after the war.

Moving beyond the Indian borders, the India revolutionaries formed the Ghadar Party in USA & Canada in 1913. At the Lucknow session of the congress in 1916, the two wings of the congress were reunited.

OR

Why did the Indian National Congress change its goal from Swarja to Complete (Poorna) Swaraj? (Marks 6)

Ans). 'Swaraj' meant home rule or independence in internal matters & 'poorna swaraj' meant complete independence both in internal & external matters. In the Lahore session of the congress held under the Presidentship of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru in 1929, 'Poorna Swaraj' was declared as the goal of the National movement. There were many causes which were responsible for this change from 'Swaraj' to 'Poorna Swaraj'.

(1) Over-Whelming Poverty of India - India had been rendered so poor by the English that the Indian leaders no longer could see their plight of their countrymen. It was therefore important to get rid of foreign rule & get complete independence for India.

(2) Dismay at the composition & working of the Simon Commission - The Simon commission sent by the British Government to India for constitutional reforms had no Indian as its member. Moreover, it did not hold hopes of anything, remotely the 'Swaraj'. All this injustice was greatly resented by the Indians.

(3) Anger over the Brutal killing of lala Lajpat Rai - Lala Lajpat Rai was a great nationalist leader of India. While leading a demonstration against the Simon Commission at Lahore, he was lathi-charged so brutally that he soon died. His death sent a wave of anger throughout the country.

(4) Rise of Revolutionary movement - The death of Lala Lajpat Rai was greatly resented by the Indian youth who took over the revolutionary methods to turn out the British from India. They jammed the whole British administrative machinery. In retaliation the British Government took many repressive measures. They instituted many conspiracy case - such as the Meerut conspiracy case, Kakori conspiracy case & the Lahore conspiracy case - & hanged many Indian youth under such charged circumstances, complete independence (or Poorna Swaraj) was declared as the goal of the National Movement.

(5) Realization of the All Round Disaster of India by the British - By 1929 it had become quite clear that "the British Government in India had not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but had based itself on the exploitation of the masses & had ruined India economically, politically, culturally & spiritually." It was this realization which made the Indian leaders declare. "We believe, therefore, that India must sever the British connection & attain 'Poorna Swaraj' or complete Independence."

Mention the results of opium war on china. (3 marks)

Ans) In 1839, a Chinese government official seized an Opium Cargo and destroyed it which the British merchants were trying to smuggle into China. Britain, thus declared a war against China. This was known as Opium War and it ended in Chinese defeat.

The Chinese were forced to pay heavy damages to the British and to open five port cities to British traders. The Chinese government also agreed that in future British subjects in these ports would be tried for any crimes in English rather than in Chinese Courts. This provision came to be known as extra-territorial rights. The Chinese government was no longer free to impose tariff on foreign goods. The island of Hong Kong was turned over to Britain.

Within no time other powers like France, Germany, Japan, America began to exploit the situation and thus began the scramble for China by the imperialist powers.

OR

Describe the main features of the 'Quit India' movement. (Marks 3)

Ans) The Second World War had started in September 1939.

The Congress Ministries resigned from their offices and demanded complete independence for India. The August offer failed to satisfy the Indian leaders and hence Gandhi launched his individual satyagrah but this movement soon petered out. However, by 1942, the war came to India's doorsteps with the Japanese conquest of Rangoon. The failure of `Cripps Mission' in April 1942 made it clear that Britain was unwilling to offer an honourable settlement and a real constitutional advance during or after the war. The empty gesture of the `Cripps Mission' convinced even those Congressmen like Nehru and Gandhi , who did not want to do anything to hamper the anti-fascist war effort that any further silence would be suicidal. By the spring of 1942 , Gandhi became coninced of the inevitability of a struggle. Thus began the Quit India Movement .

The brutal and all out repression from the government succeeded in bringing about a cessation of the mass phase of the struggle. However it marked a new height in terms of popular participation in the national movement . Students, women, workers, peasants and Zamindars together participated in the movement. It placed the demand for independence on the immediate agenda of the national movement. After Quit India there could be no retreat. Any further negociations with the British Government could only be on the manner of the transfer of power. The Quit India Movement was crushed by the Government and its major objective of attainment of independence was not immediately fulfilled. Yet, it signalled an end of British rule in India.

Questions:

Name the state in which River Godavari forms its delta.
In which state Nilgiris are situated?
In which state Narora Atomic Power station is located?
Name the state in which Rourkela Steel Plant is Situated.
In which state Kandla Port is located?

Answers:

River Godavari forms its delta in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
Nilgiris are situated in the state of Kerala.
Uttar Pradesh.
Orissa
Gujarat

Table : Steel production in India 1986-87 in Lakh tonnes.

Study the above given table & answer the following questions.

Which steel plant produces the highest quantity of crude steel ? (Marks 1)

Ans) Highest quantity of crude steel is produced by Jamshedpur steel plant (22.50 lakh tonnes)

What is its production in saleable steel? (Marks 1)

Ans) Its production of saleable steel is 19.08 Lakh tonnes

Only for blind candidates:-

Why is it necessary to replace meter gauge railway routes by broad gauge routes? Give two reasons. (Marks 2)

Ans) The following are the reasons for replacing meter gauge railway routes by broad gauge routes.

(1) To avoid the unnecessary delays in trans-shipment of goods from one gauge line to another.

(2) There are avoidable delays & loses in shifting goods from one railway line to other. It is also inconvenience for passengers to change trains from one gauge line to another.

Name the three parallel ranges of Himalayas & state one typical characteristic of each. (Marks 3)

Ans) The three parallel ranges of Himalayas are:-

(1) Great Himalayas or the Himadari - The northernmost & the loftiest range in called Himadari. The mount Everest or Sagarmath is the highest peak in the world located in this range.

(2) Middle or lesser Himalayas or the Himachal - All the important hill stations belong to this range such as Dalhousie, Dharmshala, Simla, Mussoorie, Nainital & Darjeeling.

(3) Outer Himalayas or the Shivalik Ranges - These ranges are made of unconsolidated river deposit & are prone to earthquakes & land slides.

Describe any three contributions of Bhakra - Nangal project in the development of the country. (Marks 3)

Ans) 
(1) A canal of 1,100 kms length has been constructed from this dam which distributes & irrigates an area of 1.4 million hectares.

(2) The Nangal Power Plant on the Satluj produces 1204 MW of electricity each year.

(3) This project serves the states of Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan & the National capital Region.


State the three main characteristics of Tropical Rain Forests. (Marks 3)

Ans) 
(1) They are evergreen forests as the trees of these forests do not have a distinct season of shedding leaves.

(2) They form the natural cover nearly all over the country where the rainfall is moderate (100-200 cms), but the more rich & useful cover extends over the Sahyadris, the north-eastern part of the Peninsula & along the foothills of the Himalayas in the Siwaliks the bhabar & the tarai.

(3) The typical landscape consist of tall teak trees, with other trees, bamboos & shrubs growing fairly close together so as to form thickets, there are also open grass patches.