National Talent Search Examination (NTSE) Sample Paper : Telangana State LCT

Directions : Questions (51 - 55) :
Read the following passage.
Petroleum products, such as gasoline, kerosene, home heating oil, residual fuel oil and lubricating oils have a common source - crude oil that is found below the Earth's surface and under huge water bodies from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the interior of Earth. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the Earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Crude oil comes to the surface
as result of pressure at the source or pumping. Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrel per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42 gallon barrels.
Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance : thin, thick, transparent or opaque, but regardless their chemical composition is made up of only two elements : Carbon and Hydrogen which form compounds called  Hydrocarbons. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities. Trace elements are also found, but in such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of
carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the various positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon molecule. The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapours. Light oils such as gasoline, kerosene and distillate oil are the products. The residue remaining after the light oils are distilled is known as heavy or residual fuel oil, and is used mostly for burning under boilers. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of  various types of gasolines.

Now answer the following questions.
51. The statement that is not true is ...
(1) Crude oil is found below land and water.
(2) Crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface.
(3) A variety of petroleum products is obtained from crude oil.
(4) Pumping and pressure, forces crude oil to the surface.

52. Many thousands of hydrocarbons are possible because
(1) The petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance.
(2) The atoms in the molecule assume many positions.
(3) The pressure needed to force it to the surface causes molecular transformation.
(4) Complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure.

53. The statement that is true is
(1) The various petroleum products are produced by filtration.
(2) Heating and condensation produces the various products.
(3) Chemical separation is used to produce the various products.
(4) Mechanical means such as the centrifuge are used to produce the various products.

54. The crude oil is brought to the surface through ….
(1) Expansion of the hydrocarbons. 
(2) Pressure and pumping.
(3) Vacuum created in the drilling pipe.
(4) Expansion and the contraction of Earth's surface

55. Which of the following is not listed under light oils ?
(1) Distillate oil
(2) Gasoline
(3) Lubricating oil
(4) Kerosene

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