(Paper) Social Science Sample Paper Class X (1996) Part - I
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Social
Science Class - X (CBSE)
Sample Paper 1996 (Part - I)
Q1)
How does the relief affect the climate of India? Explain it with 3 specific
examples from different parts of the country.
(Marks 4)
Ans. 1)
India is a huge country. The vast diversity in relief leads to
climactic changes all over the country. For example, India gets its rainfall
mainly from the South-West monsoons. These are governed by the relief or
orography. Therefore:-
(1) The Arabian sea branch of monsoons is obstructed by the Western Ghats. The
windward side of the Sahyadris receives very heavy rains (over 250 cms). But the
leeward side is hardly able to receive 50 cms.
(2) Another part of Arabian sea branch strikes the Saurashtra peninsula and the
Kachch. It passes over west Rajasthan and along the Aravallis causing only
scanty rainfall. This is because there is no obstruction on their path as the
Aravallis lie parallel to the winds.
(3) The Bay of Bengal branch enters West Bengal and Bangladesh and splits into
two. One branch moves up the Brahmaputra valley in the north and north east
causing rains in North - eastern India. Therefore heavy rains in Cargo and Khasi
hills and Cherrapunji.
(4) The other branch moves along the Ganga plains and reaches Punjab. In the
Ganga Plains it meets the Arabian sea branch and causes rainfall there but by
the time it reaches Punjab, it is already devoid of most of its moistures and
hence causes less rainfall over there.
Q2)
How is the government helping Indian farmers in increasing their agricultural
production? Explain any four points. (Marks 4)
Ans. 2) India is an agricultural state. Therefore, in order to develop
agriculture it was essential to take note of the problems of the Indian farmers
& help them & thus establish a more socialist society.
(1) A number of legislations have been taken up to abolish the Zamindari system.
(2) The government has been promoting consolidation of scattered land - holdings
through chakbandi & popularisation of the co-operative movement.
(3) District lead Banks were opened to provide cheap & easy credit
facilities to the farmers. Nationalization of banks was also a step to provide
help to the Indian farmers.
(4) National seeds corporation, National warehousing corporation, National food
corporation, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Agricultural universities,
National Dairy Board & several other institutions are set up to provide help
to the Indian farmers.
Q
3)
Growing urban population has not only created problems in the urban centres but
also it has affected the rural areas. Explain two points of each (Marks 2+2=4)
Ans. 3) Effects of growing urban population in urban areas
(1) The upsurge in population has put great strain on the existing resources
& services available in cities and people are at times devoid of basic
amenities.
(2) The environmental pollution, law & order problem coupled with lack of
education & health facilities have become most critical problems in the
urban centres.
In Villages
(1) The land holdings have become uneconomic in the rural areas because of the
sub-division & fragmentation. This has resulted in making several small
farmers surplus. The farmers have no other option but to migrate to cities.
(2) The rural youth, in the absence of suitable employment migrate to cities.
Unable to secure a job they return to villages & create law & order
problems.
Q4)
How is 'coal an important source of energy & raw material as well'? Explain
the statement with 5 examples in all giving at least two from each. (Marks 5)
Ans. 4) The advent of the Industrial Revolution was based on the steam
energy produced by using coal as a fuel. It is, even now, one of the most
important sources of energy next only to mineral oil.
Coal as a Raw Material is used in:-
(1) Steel & chemical industries.
(2) Glass Industry.
Coal as a source of energy
(1) It is the main source of thermal power/electricity.
(2) It can be converted into gas
(3) It is an important source of power in locomotive
(4) The conversion of coal into oil is also being worked out.
Section C - CIVICS
Q
5) Why land reform legislations have not been able to remove
the inequality in holding of land among peasantry? Give any two reasons. (Marks
2)
Ans. 5) The land reform legislations have not been able to remove the
inequality in holding of land among peasantry because:-
(1) The land owners, by virtue of their economic power & high level
contacts, were able to manipulate the law in their favour.
(2) The government lacked the will to enforce the laws strictly. Land ceilings
& a number of land reform laws were passed. But those who owned land got
away with it but transferring the land on the names of other members of the
family. This defeated the whole purpose of legislation.
Q
6) 'India is a secular state'. Give any two arguments in
support of this statement. (Marks 2)
Ans. 6) India is a secular state as it stresses on
equal respect for all religions and does not have any state religion.
1) The constitution of India provides the freedom to profess, preach and
practice any religion to individuals and groups.
2) It guarantees equality of citizenship that is no discrimination on grounds of
religion, equality of opportunity in public employment, no discrimination in
educational institutions and no communal electorate.
Q
7) Write any three important causes leading to urban poverty.
(Marks 3)
Ans. 7) In towns & cities poverty prevails due
to the following reasons:-
(1) Mass unemployment - The city's nightmare is unemployment. With the growing
population & the migration of people from the rural to urban areas, the
problem of unemployment remains on the rise & becomes a primary factor of
poverty.
(2) Illiteracy & ignorance - A large number of people are illiterate as a
result of which they are unable to find jobs. Moreover, they being ignorant, are
taken for a ride very easily by the big capitalists & industrialists who do
hire them & pay them less.
(3) Lack of Industrial Development - Suitable industrial development has not
taken place in the country to keep pace with the increasing number of people.
Hence people from lower strata in such cities are generally very poor.
Q 8) What
conditions help in the development of responsible public opinion? (Marks 4)
Ans. 8) An altert and intelligent public opinion keeps a check on the
Government. Some conditions that develop public opinion are :-
(a) FREE PRESS :- The most important medium for the formation of public opinion
is the Press. Newspapers not only provide information about national and
international matters, but also acquaint the masses with programmes of the
Government. They guide the people and enable them to form their own opinion and
to express it.
(b) AGILE POLITICAL PARTIES :- Political parties organise meetings and
demonstrations, bring out posters and thus popularise themselves and their
policies. They help people understand various problems and thus play a very
important role in the formation of public opinion.
(c) ELECTIONS:- Massive propaganda and compaigning helps the people to know the
inside stories of various events and thus helps in formation of public opinion.
Q 9) Advance
arguments in favour of any four human rights which are included in the United
Nations Declaration of Human Rights & are necessary for the development of
an individual. (Marks 4)
Ans. 9) Human rights are those rights which every person should have by
virtue of being a human being. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights which
the UNO adopted on 10th December, 1944 includes a list of
(I) Civil &
Political Rights &
(ii) Economic & Social Rights.
The Indian constitution, gives full important to these rights & has
guaranteed a number of them to its citizens.
(1) Right to freedom of speech & expression enables a person to discuss
freely for public & national well being.
(2) Right to have judicial remedy enables a citizen to move any court if his
rights are encroached upon by the Government, a person or any other agency.
Thus, this right makes all the other rights meaningful.
(3) Right to vote freely & to take part in the government of one's country
ensures political rights to a citizen & are hence the foundation of a
democracy.
(4) Right to have equal pay for equal work saves citizen from economic
exploitation & gender degradation.
Q 10) How does
the legislative procedure for passing of a money bill in the Parliament differ
from an ordinary bill?
Ans10)
The Annual Budget of the Country or that of a state & every bill
that envisages levy of taxes and/or some expenditure by the Government is called
a Money Bill. The decision of the Speaker, whether a particular bill is a Money
Bill or not is always taken as final . A Money Bill cannot be initiated in the
Rajya Sabha. The following is the procedure for the passage of a Money Bill:-
(1) Prior Presidential Approval :- A money bill can be introduced only when it
has been accorded the approval of the President. Constitutionally speaking, it
is the President himself who gets a Money Bill introduced through the
Government.
(2) Introduction :- A money bill is generally introduced in the Lok Sabha by the
Finance Miniser. He makes policy statement regarding finance at that occasion .
The opposition is also free to speak on these matters .
(3) Second Reading :- Here an item wise discussion on the Bill takes place.
Amendments are proposed & voted in respect of each item. In this way, the
whole bill is cleared.
(4) Third Reading :- The Third Reading is only a formality. Members can
recommend or criticise the policy matters and provisions of the Bill , as a
whole. A majority vote decides the passage or rejection of the Bill [Rejection
of the Money Bill amounts to no-confidence of the Government].
(5) Money Bill in the Rajya Sabha:- After its clearance in the Lok Sabha, a
Money Bill is sent to the Rajya Sabha which is allowed 14 days . During this
period, the Rajya Sabha may pass it, reject it, may propose amend- ments to it
and return to the Lok Sabha or may just sit over it.
If amendments are proposed, the Lok Sabha reviews them. But it is not binding
upon it to accept them. In case of a difference, there is no provision for a
joint session. The opinion of the Lok Sabha prevails in such a situation. After
the lapse of 14 days, the Bill is deemed to be passed and sent for the
President's assent. The assent of the President is never withheld as a Money
Bill has a prior approval of the President.
The procedure of passing of an ordinary bill in the Parliament is also the
same except that it can originate in either House of the parliament & does
not require a prior assent of the President for its introduction.
OR
How is the Prime Minister the most important functionary in the country? (Marks
6)
Ans. The Prime Minister is the leader of the party which has the support of the
majority of members in the Lok Sabha. He, therefore, enjoys a position of
pre-eminence . He is the most important functionary because, though all the
other candidates are elected just like him, he, because of his position as a
leader of the ruling party, enjoys an important position. All the important
decisions are taken by and him and the members of his council enjoy advisory
powers.
The Prime Minister decides about the size of the cabinet, distributes
portfolios, can reshuffule the ministeries and ask any Minister to resign. He
can even keep on or more portfolios with himself. After the formation of the
Cabinet , the Prime Minister also has the responsibility to co-ordinate its
activities - dates for meetings and agenda to be discussed. He also appoints the
cabinet committees and Presides over them.
The Prime Minister also plays an important part in the process of legislation.
No important bill can be introduced in the Lok Sabha without his consent. The
budget and other important money bills are prepared under his strict scrutiny.
Being the Chairman of the Planning Commission he formulates the Five Year Plans
& other economic Programmes for the Country.
Barring this, the Prime Minister represents the Counry in international
Conferences, Pays Official visits to foreign countries, maintains relations with
the UN and other international organisations, negociates with the heads of the
states and signs treaties and agreements.
The Indian Prime Minister occupies a position of exceptional and over whelming
authority and is for all purposes, the real cheif executive. The powers listed
are, by far, a modest appreciation of the PM's position.
Section D - ECONOMICS
Q11) Give two
reasons why small scale sector be given special treatment in India. (Marks 2)
Ans 11) Small scale sector should be given special treatment in India
because of the following reasons:
(1) Small scale industries are labour intensive & capital light industries
by their very nature. In our economy, capital is already a scarce factor; the
growth of small scale industries can absorb the surplus labour without leaving
any additional burden on the already scare capital resources.
(2) Moreover, the growth of small scale industries helps in the decentralization
of the industrial structure. Thus, it helps in reducing regional disparities.
Q12) Write
briefly about the two main objectives of economic planning in India. (Marks 3)
Ans 12) The basic or central objective of economic planning in India is to
abolish poverty & to achieve highest possible standard of living for its
masses. To achieve this, certain related aims also have to be clearly defined.
These are as follows:-
(1) Rapid increase in production - One of the objectives of planning is to raise
the level of production which is possible by (a) improving agriculture &
helping raise its productivity. This in turn can be achieved by providing good
land system, irrigation, manure fertilizers, better seeds, finance & better
marketing facilities, etc. (b) helping industrial growth. This can be achieved
by raising investment in public sector, providing guidance & assistance to
the private sector, etc., and (c) promoting the growth of trade, commerce &
varied types of services.
(2) Rapid increase in employment - Unemployment & underemployment are two
evils that have plagued our economy for quite a long period. One of the
important objectives of planning in India has been to expand employment
opportunities: first, to make better use of available manpower resources, and
second, to provide means of livelihood to the growing population.
Q 13) Name six
kinds of inputs other than Land in Indian agriculture. Explain briefly any one
of these: (Marks 3+2=5)
Ans 13) Six kinds of inputs used in agriculture are:-
(1) Seeds
(2) Labour
(3) Irrigation
(4) Manures & fertilizers
(5) Storage facilities
(6) Technical know -how
This is the foremost input that increases per capita productivity. Application
of modern means of production includes improved varieties of seeds (HYV),
chemical fertilizers, irrigation, etc. It is desirable for the Government to
impart education and technical know-how in a formal way so as to derive full
benefit from modern techniques of agricultural production