(Papers) Law School Admission Test (LSAT) : Paper-3-2007

• Analytical Reasoning.......................................SECTION I
• Logical Reasoning ...........................................SECTION II
• Logical Reasoning ...........................................SECTION III
• Reading Comprehension................................SECTION IV

Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 

1. Why should the disappearance of beetles, plants, or birds concern us? First, a species, the irreplaceable product of millions of years of development, is of intrinsic value. Another, perhaps more compelling, reason to conserve biological diversity is pure self-interest. Like every species, ours is intimately dependent on others for its well-being. Time after time, creatures, even those once thought useless or harmful, are found to play crucial roles in natural systems. Predators driven to extinction no longer keep populations of potential pests in check; earthworms or termites killed by pesticides no longer aerate soils; mangroves cut for firewood no longer protect coastlines from the erosive force of the sea. The above argument as a whole seeks to establish that 
(A) it is only selfish people who wish to conserve biological diversity
(B) whether species to which people pay little attention become extinct is not of great importance except to scientists
(C) there are no species in nature that are, properly considered, harmful to people
(D) species of plant and animal life should be preserved because they are valuable both in themselves and for the well-being of people
(E) to protect coastlines from erosion by the sea, it is necessary to plant mangroves or other such species along the coasts

2. Davisville’s mayor: The Davisville Airport is actually located in the city of Millersburg. Millersburg officials have argued that it is illegal for restaurants in the Davisville Airport to serve alcoholic beverages because Millersburg has outlawed alcoholic beverages. But they are mistaken. Since the City of Davisville owns the Davisville Airport, and it is legal for restaurants to serve alcoholic beverages in Davisville, it is legal for them to do so in the Davisville Airport. 
Which one of the following principles, if valid, most helps to justify the reasoning in the Davisville mayor’s argument?

(A) Ownership takes precedence over any other factor in determining which city’s laws apply in a facility owned by one city but located in another.
(B) If one city owns a facility located in another city and a dispute about legal jurisdiction arises, then the city that owns the facility should offer to sell it to the other city.
(C) If one city owns a facility located in another city, government officials of both cities should settle through negotiation which city’s laws apply in that facility.
(D) A facility located outside of a city is not subject to the laws of that city even if the facility is owned by the city.
(E) If one city owns a facility located in another city, the residents of both cities should determine which city’s laws apply in that facility

3. The pigment that gives fresh blueberries their deep purplish-blue color is found in the berry’s skin—not in its flesh, which is pale green. Therefore, since the smaller the berry, the more skin there is in relation to the rest of the berry, it follows that a pie filling made from a pound or two of fresh, whole blueberries _______. 
Which one of the following most logically completes the argument?

(A) should be made of the freshest berries available
(B) will taste the same whether the berries used are large or small
(C) will taste good only if made of high-quality berries
(D) will be darker if small berries rather than large ones are used
(E) will be more flavorful if large berries rather than small ones are used

4. Ecologist: Smallpox, one of the worst diseases ever to afflict humans, has in some outbreaks killed as much as 50 percent of local populations. The last known surviving cultures of variola—the smallpox virus—are confined to two high-security laboratories. Some scientists are anxious to destroy the remaining variola cultures, to which humans are susceptible. Research on the cultures, however, may someday lead to important benefits for humans, and so the cultures should not be destroyed. 
Which one of the following, if true, would do most to strengthen the ecologist’s argument?

(A) Smallpox has killed millions of humans over the centuries, and when it reaches the stage of an epidemic it is extremely difficult to eradicate.
(B) It is more likely that the virus, if left available to researchers, will lead to an important medical breakthrough than that the virus will be accidentally released from the laboratory.
(C) Variola is a rare type of virus in that it can only be transmitted from one human to another, yet does not affect rats, monkeys, or insects.
(D) It is becoming increasingly important to prevent any nation from acquiring the means to wage biological warfare.
(E) It is likely that the virus, if released, will develop a resistance to vaccines previously used to control it.

5. Miguel has four family members who plan to come to his graduation on Sunday afternoon, but it is likely that only three of them will be allowed to attend. Normally graduation is held in the football stadium, where there is no limit on the number of family members who can attend. However, the ceremony is relocated to the gymnasium if it rains, and each graduate receives just three admission tickets for use by family members. 
The conclusion of the argument is most strongly supported if which one of the following is assumed? 
(A) Miguel’s graduating class is much larger than usual.
(B) Miguel has lost one of the admission tickets to be used if the ceremony is held in the gymnasium.
(C) The weather service has indicated that there is a very high likelihood of rain on Sunday afternoon.
(D) Miguel has several friends who have fewer than three family members coming to graduation. 
(E) Miguel has a fifth family member who is unable to come to his graduation.

6. Elephants are often observed licking clay from mud holes. There is ample evidence that other animals ingest clay because it neutralizes toxins in their diets. Since elephants eat many plants that contain toxic compounds, their licking of clay is probably triggered by toxins too. Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
(A) Some of the clay that elephants lick contains minerals that are nutritionally essential for any animal.
(B) Elephants typically drink water immediately before or after they lick clay.
(C) Older elephants typically ingest more clay than young elephants do.
(D) Elephants do not lick clay at times when their diet consists almost entirely of toxin-free foods.
(E) The clay that elephants ingest does not contain any compounds that are toxic to them.

7. Economist: In our country, the price of cola is regulated by the Cola Commission. Decades ago, when the commission was formed, such regulation was reasonable because there was a monopoly on cola production. Now, however, fierce competition in this market keeps cola prices low. So the Cola
Commission should be abolished.The economist’s reasoning is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it fails to consider the possibility that
(A) the Cola Commission regulates aspects of the cola industry other than cola’s price
(B) no new competitors have entered the economist’s country’s cola market in the last several years
(C) many dedicated and talented people serve on the Cola Commission
(D) ending regulation of cola prices in the economist’s country will have no effect on these prices, which are already below the ceilings set by the Cola Commission
(E) the Cola Commission was originally set up by economists

8. The aesthetic reaction to a work of art depends on the immediate environment, and true appreciation of art requires that it be presented in an environment that allows for lengthy, solitary deliberation. Hence it is unfortunate that art museums have recently invented the notion of the “art-show event,” for which historically important, rarely seen works are collected into a show that is then heavily advertised and brings in huge crowds. 
The statements above, if true, most strongly support which one of the following?
(A) People who really love and understand art tend to avoid museum art-show events.
(B) The more time one spends and the fewer people that are around, the more one will like a work of art.
(C) Most of the people who go to museum art-show events do not know how to appreciate art and fail to realize what they are missing.
(D) Art museum directors are forced to put on art-show events in order to raise money. 
(E) Museum art-show events do not facilitate proper appreciation of art.

9. The average life expectancy of people who drink alcohol heavily is lower than that of people who do not drink heavily, and people who smoke tobacco have lower life expectancies on average than those who refrain from smoking. Yet the average life expectancy of people who both drink heavily and smoke tends to decrease when such people give up drinking. 
Which one of the following most helps to reconcile the discrepancy described above?
(A) Most heavy drinkers who are also smokers tend to smoke more heavily if they stop drinking.
(B) The life expectancy of smokers who stop smoking increases, even if they have smoked for many years.
(C) The average life expectancy of relatively light smokers is lower than that of people who have never smoked at all.
(D) The life expectancy of smokers who are heavy drinkers usually increases if they give up both smoking and drinking.
(E) Most heavy smokers who are not heavy drinkers tend to gain weight if they stop smoking.

10. Publishers, like all private businesses, have always been concerned about profitability. But, while it used to be at least possible to get a book published that was unlikely to be popular, and hence unlikely to be a moneymaker, profitability is now the sole criterion. Thus, no matter how much literary merit a book possesses, it will not be published in today’s market if it looks like it will not be popular. Which one of the following sentences most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the argument?
(A) Books of literary merit cannot be published in today’s market.
(B) Publishers used to select books for publication based on literary merit.
(C) Good books are published now only if they are also likely to be popular.
(D) It is harder to get a book published today than it once was.
(E) Unpopular books are not likely to make money for the publisher.

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