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National Law University, New Delhi

All India Law Entrance Test (AILET) 2012

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SECTION – E : ENGLISH

Directions: In the following questions, some of the sentences have errors and some have none. Find out which part of the sentence has an error.

116. The number of marks carried by each question/ are indicated / at the end of the Question./No error.

                                        A                                        B                         C                                 D

117. As much as I admire him for his sterling qualities/ I cannot excuse him for/ being unfair to his friends./No error.

                                    A                                                B                                        C                                    D

118. Many times the news has been published/in the papers that the end of the world will be certain/if a nuclear war breaks out./No error.

                                    A                                                B                                                                            C                                D

119. She reluctantly said that/if nobody else was doing it/she will do it./No error

                        A                                B                               C                D

120. Though child marriage/has been banned, /the custom still prevailed among some groups in India./No error.

                            A                            B                                    C                                                        D

Directions: In the following questions, choose the word which is most nearly the SAME in meaning to the bold word and mark it in the Answer Sheet.

121. LYNCH

(A) Hang
(B) Madden
(C) Killed
(D) Shoot

122. His speech was nothing but a string of platitudes.

(A) grand statements
(B) stereo-typed statements
(C) noble sentiments
(D) humorous anecdotes

Directions: In the following questions, choose the word which is most nearly the OPPOSITE in meaning to the bold word and mark it in the Answer Sheet.

123. PERENNIAL

(A) Frequent
(B) Regular
(C) Lasting
(D) Rare

124. My first speech was a fiasco.

(A) success
(B) disaster
(C) fun
(D) joy

Direction: Fill in the blanks

125. If I ...................his address, I could write to him.

(A) knew
(B) had known
(C) know
(D) will know

126. When the morning.................., murder was discovered.

(A) occurred
(B) arrived
(C) came
(D) happened

127. I...................a car to be absolutely necessary these days.

(A) consider
(B) regard
(C) think
(D) agree

128. Do not intrude, they are talking..........................a confidential matter.

(A) on
(B) for
(C) over
(D) in

129. I slept after lunch.........................armed chair.

(A) over
(B) into
(C) in
(D) on

130. He is so ................. that he immediately believed my story of ghosts.

(A) innocent
(B) credulous
(C) vociferous
(D) credible

131. I will help only ......................

(A) if I shall have time
(B) if I would have time
(C) if I had time
(D) if I have time

132. He doesn’t work with hands he works ....................... the machine.

(A) with
(B) by
(C) at
(D) on

133. Every, Shakespearean hero has an internal ...................... in his character

(A) defect
(B) weakness
(C) fault
(D) flaw

134. S1: Two men held a struggling crazed dog down on a table.
S6: The men watched him awe-struck.
P : Its mouth was smothered with saliva and a bite from its jaws might cause death.
Q : He put one end of the tube between his lips and lowered the other towards the foam covered jaws.
R : Beside them stood Louis Pasteur holding a narrow glass-tube in one hand.
S : As the animal writhed he carefully sucked some of the saliva up the tube.

The proper sequence should be

(A) P R Q S
(B) P Q R S
(C) S R P Q
(D) R P S Q

135. S1: There is only one monkey we can thoroughly recommend as an indoor pet

S6: Finally, let me say that no other monkey has a better temper or more winning ways.
P: They quickly die from colds and coughs after the first winter fogs
Q: It is the beautiful and intelligent Capuchin monkey
R: The lively little Capuchins, however, may be left for years in an English house without the least danger to their health
S: The Marmosets, it is true, are more beautiful than the Capuchins and just as pleasing, but they are too delicate for the English climate

The proper sequence should be:

(A) P Q R S
(B) Q R P S
(C) Q S P R
(D) R P S Q

Direction (Q. 136-144): Fill in the blanks

The Ganga is........(136).......they said, in her giving and her taking away. If you ask her for anything she.......(137)......it gently. A calm and slow oblivion in...........(138).............. ever-flowing waves. Mridula hoped it was true. She sat on the stone steps of the Kedar Ghat, ...........(139).................the first rays of the Sun touch the ripples on the river with............(140)........of metallic gold. Ganga paschim vahini – the east flowing river ...............(141)................... west at Varanasi like a moody woman. People bathed, said prayers standing chest ........(142)................ in her water, muttering ..............(143)..............to her and to the rising sun, repeating
endlessly the .................(144)........... of prayer pouring water through their finger in habits for which may be they never .............(145)........the meaning.

136. (A) kind
(B) name
(C) flow
(D) cruel

137. (A) takes
(B) refuse
(C) ignore
(D) gives

138. (A) their
(B) her
(C) any
(D) only

139. (A) counting
(B) persuing
(C) dotting
(D) watching

140. (A) dullness
(B) dampness
(C) glints
(D) splint

141. (A) steers
(B) hears
(C) looks
(D) turns

142. (A) deep
(B) down
(C) up
(D) fallen

143. (A) appeals
(B) pleas
(C) invocations
(D) considerations

144. (A) culture
(B) rituals
(C) works
(D) deed

145. (A) mentioned
(B) heard
(C) conceived
(D) knew

Directions (Q. 146 – 150): The questions in this section is based on the passage. The questions are to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. For some of the questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question.

However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the questions. In principle, a cohesive group - one whose members generally agree with one another and support one another’s judgments – can do a much better job at decision making than it could if it were non-cohesive. When cohesiveness is low or lacking entirely, compliance out of fear of recrimination is likely to be strongest. To overcome this fear, participants in the group’s deliberations need to be confident that they are members in good standing and that the others will continue to value their role in the group, whether or not they  agree about a particular issue under discussion. As members of a group feel more accepted by the others, they acquire greater freedom to say what they really think, becoming less likely to use deceitful arguments or to play it safe by dancing around the issues with vapid or conventional comments. Typically, then, the more cohesive a group becomes, the less its members will deliberately censor what they say out of fear of being punished socially for antagonizing their fellow members.

But group cohesiveness can have pitfalls as well: while the members of a highly cohesive group can feel much freer to deviate from the majority, their desire for genuine concurrence on every important issue often inclines  them not to use this freedom. In a highly cohesive group of decision makers, the danger is not that individuals will conceal objections they harbour regarding a proposal favoured by the majority, but that they will think the proposal is a good one without attempting to carry out a critical scrutiny that could reveal grounds for strong objections. Members may then decide that any misgivings they feel are not worth pursuing – that the benefit of any doubt should be given to the group consensus. In this way, they may fall victim to a syndrome known as “groupthink”, which one psychologist concerned with collective decision making has defined as “a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment that results from in-group pressures”. Based on analyses of major fiascos of international diplomacy and military decision making, researchers have identified groupthink behaviour as a recurring pattern that involves several factors: overestimation of the group’s power and morality, manifested, for example, in an illusion of invulnerability, which creates excessive optimism; closed-mindedness to warnings of problems and to alternative viewpoints; and unwarranted pressures toward uniformity, including self-censorship with respect to doubts about the group’s reasoning and a concomitant shared  illusion of unanimity concerning group decisions. Cohesiveness of the decision-making group is an essential antecedent condition for this syndrome but not a sufficient one, so it is important to work toward identifying the additional factors that determine whether group cohesiveness will deteriorate into groupthink or allow for effective decision making.

146. Why does the author thinks that the cohesive group can do a much better job at decision making than it could if it were non-cohesive?

(A) The members of a highly cohesive group can feel much freer to deviate from the majority.
(B) Individuals will not conceal objections they harbour regarding a proposal favoured by the majority.
(C) Participants in the group’s deliberations are confident that they are members in good standing and that the others will continue to value their role in the group, whether or not they agree about a particular issue under discussion.
(D) All of the above.

147. Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?

(A) Despite its value in encouraging frank discussions, high cohesion can lead to a debilitating type of group decision making called groupthink.
(B) Group members can guard against groupthink if they have a good understanding of the critical role played by cohesion.
(C) Groupthink is a dysfunctional collective decision-making pattern that can occur in diplomacy and military affairs.
(D) Low cohesion in groups is sometimes desirable when higher cohesion involves a risk of groupthink behaviour.

148. A group of closely associated colleagues has made a disastrous diplomatic decision after a series of meetings marked by disagreement over conflicting alternatives. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to say that this scenario.

(A) provides evidence of chronic indecision, thus indicating a weak level of cohesion in general.
(B) indicates that the group’s cohesiveness was coupled with some other factor to produce a groupthink fiasco
(C) provides no evidence that groupthink played a role in the group’s decision.
(D) provides evidence that groupthink can develop even in some groups that do not demonstrate an “illusion of unanimity”.

149. The passage mentions which one of the following as a component of groupthink?

(A) unjustified suspicions among group members regarding an adversary’s intentions.
(B) strong belief that the group’s decisions are right.
(C) group members working under unusually high stress, leading to illusions of invulnerability.
(D) the deliberate use of vapid, clichéd arguments.

150. It can be inferred from the passage that both the author of the passage and the researchers mentioned in the passage would be most likely to agree with which one of the following statements about groupthink?

(A) Groupthink occurs in all strongly cohesive groups, but its contribution to collective decision making is not fully understood.
(B) The casual factors that transform group cohesion into groupthink are unique to each case.
(C) The continued study of cohesiveness of groups is probably fruitless for determining what factors elicit groupthink.
(D) On balance, groupthink cannot be expected to have a beneficial effect in a group’s decision making.

Question Booklet of B.A.,LLB.(Hons.) - AILET-2012 Download

Answer Key Download

Courtesy: NLU Delhi