(Paper) Chemistry Project - XII - Analysis of Vegetables and Fruit Juices
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CBSE XII - Chemistry Projects
( Analysis of Vegetables and Fruit Juices )
AIM
To analyse some fruits & vegetables juice for the
contents present in them.
INTRODUCTION
Fruits and vegetable are always a part of balanced diet. That
means fruits vegetables provide our body the essential nutrients, i.e.
Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Again their presence in these is
being indicated by some of our general observations, like -freshly cut apples
become reddish black after some time. Explanation for it is that iron present in
apple gets oxidixed to iron oxide. So, we can conclude that fruits and
vegetables contain complex organic compounds, for e.g., anthocin, chlorophyll,
esters(flavouring compounds), carbohydrates, vitamins and can be tested in any
fruits or vegetable by extracting out its juice and then subtracting it to
various tests which are for detection of different classes of organic compounds.
Detection of minerals in vegetables or fruits means detection of elements other
than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
MATERIAL REQUIRED
-
Test Tubes
-
Burner
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Litmus paper
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Laboratory reagents
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Various fruits
-
Vegetables juices
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
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pH indicator
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Iodine solution
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Fehling solution A and Fehling solution B
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Ammonium chloride solution
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Ammonium hvdroxide
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Ammonium oxalate
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Potassium sulphocynaide solution
PROCEDURE
The juices are made dilute by adding distilled water to it, in order to remove colour and to make it colourless so that colour change can be easily watched and noted down. Now test for food components are taken down with the solution.
TEST, OBSERVATION & INFERENCE
|
Test
|
Observation
|
Inference
|
| ORANGE TEST: | ||
| Test for acidity: | ||
| Take 5ml of orange juice in a test tube and dip a pH paper in it. If pH is less than 7 the juice is acidic else the juice is basic. | The pH comes out to be 6. | Orange juice is acidic. |
| Test for Startch: | ||
| Take 2 ml of juice in a test tube and add few drops of iodine solution. It turns blue black in colour than the starch is present. | Absence of blue black in colour. | Orange juice is acidic. |
| Test for Carbohydrates (FEHLING'S TEST): | ||
| Take 2 ml of juice and 1 ml of fehling solution A & B and boil it. Red precipitates indicates the presence of producing sugar like maltose, glucose , fructose & Lactose. | No red coloured precipitates obtained. | Carbohydrates absent. |
| Test for Iron: | ||
| Take 2 ml of juice add drop of conc. Nitric acid. Boil the solution cool and add 2-3 drops of potassium sulphocyanide solution .Blood red colours shows the presence of iron. | Absence of blood red colour. | Iron is absent. |
| Test for Calcium: | ||
| Take 2 ml of juice add Ammonium chloride and ammonium hydroxide solution. Filter the solution and to the filterate add 2 ml of Ammonium Oxalate solution. white ppt or milkiness indicates the presence of calcium. | Yellow precipitate is obtained. | Calcium is present. |
CONCLUSION
From the table given behind it can be conducted that most of the fruits & vegetable contain carbohydrate & vegetable contain carbohydrate to a small extent. Proteins are present in small quantity. Therefore one must not only depend on fruits and vegetables for a balance diet.