Syllabus : IAIPMT Examination (National Level Entrance Exam)

Chemistry

Unit : 1

Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Arithmetic

Measurement in chemistry (significant figures, SI unit, Dimensional analysis). Chemical classification of matter (mixtures, compounds and elements and purification). Law of chemical combination and Dalton's Atomic theory. Atomic Mass (mole concept, determination of chemical formulae). Chemical equation (balancing of chemical equation and calculations using chemical equations).

Unit : 2

Elements, their Occurrence and Extraction

Earth as a source of elements, elements in biology, Elements in sea, extraction of metals (metallurgical process, production of concentrated ore, production of metals and their purification). Mineral wealth of India. Qualitative test of metals.

Unit : 3

States of Matter

Gaseous state (­measurable properties of gases, Boyle's Law, Charles' Law and absolute scale of temperature, Avogadro's hypothesis, ideal gas equation, Dalton's law of partial pressure. Kinetic molecular theory of gases (the microscopic model of gas, deviation from ideal behaviour). The solid state (classification of solids, X-ray studies of crystal lattices and unit cells, packing of constituent particles in crystals). Liquid state (Properties of liquids, Vapour pressure, Surface Tension, Viscosity).

Unit : 4

Atomic Structures

Constituents of the atom (Discovery of electron, nuclear model of the atom). Electronic structure of atoms (nature of light and electromagnetic waves, atomic spectra, Bohr's model of Hydrogen atom, Quantum mechanical model of the atom, electronic configurations of atoms, Aufbau principle).

Unit : 5

Chemical Families - Periodic Properties

Mendeleev's Periodic Table, Modern Periodic Law, Types of elements (Representative elements-s & p block elements, inner transition elements-d-block elements, inner transition elements-f-block elements). Periodic trends in properties. (Ionization energy, electron affinity, atomic radii, valencey, periodicity in properties of compounds).

Unit : 6

Bonding and Molecular Structure

Chemical bonds and Lewis structure, shapes of molecules (VSEPR Theory). Quantum theory of the covalent bond (Hydrogen and some other simple molecules, carbon compounds, hybridization, Boron and Beryllium compounds). Coordinate covalent bond (Ionic bond as an extreme case of polar covalent bond, ionic character of molecules and polar molecules. Bonding in solid state (lonic, molecular and covalent solids, metals). Hydrogen bond, Resonance.

Unit : 7

Carbon and its Compounds

Elemental carbon, Carbon compounds, Inorganic compounds of carbon (Oxides of carbon, halides, carbides). Organic compounds, Nomenclature of organic compounds (Hydrocarbons, functional groups). Some common organic compounds (Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Halides, Acids, nitro compounds and Amines).

Unit : 8

Energetics

Energy changes during a chemical reaction. Internal energy and Enthalpy (Internal energy and Enthalpy changes), Origin of Enthalpy changes in a reaction, Hess's Law of constant heat summation, numericals based on these concepts. Heats of reactions (heat of neutralization, heat of combusion, heat of fusion and vapourization). Sources of energy (Conservation of energy sources and identification of alternative sources, pollution associated with consumption of fuels. The sun as the primary source). What decides the direction of a spontaneous change in a chemical reaction? (an elementary idea of free energy change). Why energy crisis if energy is conserved in nature?

Unit : 9

Chemical Equilibrium

Equilibria involving physical changes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas equilibrium involving dissolution of solid in liquids, gases in liquids, general characteristics of equilibrium inolving physical processes). Equilibria involving chemical systems (the law of chemical equilibrium, the magnitude of the equilibrium constant, numerical problems). Effect of changing conditions of systems at equilibrium (change of concentration, change of temperature, effect of catalyst-Le Chateliar's principle). Equilibria involving ions (ionization of electrolytes, weak and strong electrolytes, acid-base equilibrium, various concepts of acids and bases, ionization of water, pH, solubility product, numericals based on these concepts).

Unit : 10

Redox Reactions

Oxidation and reduction as an electron transfer process. Redox reactions in aqueous solutions-electrochemical cells. EMF of a galvanic cell. Dependence of EMF on concentration and temperature (Nernst equation and numerical problems based on it). Electrolysis, Oxidation numbers (rules for assigning oxidation number, redox reactions in terms of oxidation number and nomenclature). Balancing of oxidation-reduction equations.

Unit : 11

Rates of Chemical Reactions

Rates of reaction. Instantaneous rate of reaction and order of reaction. Factors affecting rates of reactions (factors affecting rate of collisions encountered between the reactant molecules, effect of temperature on the reaction rate, concept of activation energy, catalysts). Effect of light on rates of reactions. Elementary reactions as steps to more complex reactions. How fast are chemical reactions?

Unit : 12

Chemistry of Non-metals-I

(Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen) Hydrogen (position in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, properties, reactions and uses). Oxygen (occurrence, preparation, properties and reactions, uses, simple oxids; ozone). Water and hydrogen peroxide (structure of water molecule and its aggregates, physical and chemical properties of water, hard and soft water, water softening, hydrogen peroxide, preparation, properties, structure and uses). Nitrogen (preparation properties, uses, compounds of Nitrogen - Ammonia, Oxides of Nitrogen, Nitric Acid - preparation, properties and uses).

Unit : 13

Chemistry of Non-metals II

(Boron, silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, halogens and the noble gases). Boron (occurrence, isolation, physical and chemical properties, borax and boric acid, uses of boron and its compounds). Silicon (occurrence, preparation and properties, oxides and oxyacids of phosphorus, chemical fertilizers). Sulphur (occurrence and extraction, properties and reactions, oxides: Sulphuric acid-preparation properties and uses, sodium thiosulphate). Halogens (occurrence, preparation, properties, hydrogen halides, uses of halogens). Nobel gases (discovery, occurrence and isolation, physical properties, chemistry of noble gases and their uses).

Unit : 14

Chemistry of Lighter Metals

Sodium and Potassium (occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, important compounds - Nacl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaOH, KCL KOH). Magnesium and Calcium (occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, important compounds - MgCl2, Mg SO4, CaO, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, CaSO4, plaster of paris). Aluminium (occurrence, extraction, properties and uses, compounds-AICI3, alums). Cement. Biological role of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium and Calcium.

Unit : 15

Chemistry of Heavier Metals

Iron (occurrence and extraction, compounds of iron, oxides, halides, sulphides, sulphate, alloy and steel. Copper, silver, and gold (occurrence and extractions, properties and uses, compounds-sulphides, halides and sulphates, photography). Zinc and Mercury (occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, compounds-oxides, halides; sulphides and sulphates). Tin and Lead (occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, compounds - oxides, sulphides, halides).

Unit : 16

Structure and Shape(s) of Hydrocarbons

Alkanes (structure, isomerism, conformation). Stereo isomerism and chirality (origin of chirality, optical relation and racemic mixture). Alkenes (isomerism including cis-transisomers). Alkynes. Arenes (structure of benzene, resonance structure, isomerism in arenes).

Unit : 17

Preparation and Properties of Hydrocarbons

Sources of hydrocarbons (origin and composition of coal and petroleum; Hydrocarbons from coal and petroleum, cracking and refining, quality of gasoline-octane number, gasoline additives). Laboratory preparation of alkanes (preparation from unsaturated hydrocarbons, alkyl halides and carboxylic acids). Laboratory preparation of alkenes (preparation from alcohols, alkyl halides). Laboratory preparation of alkynes (preparation from calcium carbide and acetylene). Physical properties of alkanes (boiling and melting points, solubility and density). Reactions of hydrocarbons (oxidation, addition, substitution and miscellaneous reactions).

Unit : 18

Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds

Purification (crystallisation, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, chromatography) Qualitative analysis (analysis of nitrogen sulphur, phosphorus and halogens). Quantitative analysis (estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus and oxygen). Determination of molecular mass (Victor Mayer's method, volumetric method). Calculation of emperical formula and molecular formula. Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis, modern methods of structure elucidation.

Unit : 19

The Molecules of Life

The cell. Carbohydrates (monosaccharides, disacharides and polysacharides). Protein (amino acids, peptide bond, structure of proteins, tertiary structure of proteins and denaturation, enzymes). Nuclei acids (structure, the double helix, biological function of nucleic acid), viruses, Lipids.

Unit : 20

Atomic Structure and Chemical Bonding

Atoms; dual nature of matter and radiation. The Uncertainty principle. Orbitals and Quantum numbers Shapes of orbitals. Electronic configuration of atoms. Molecules: Molecular orbital method. Hybridisation, Dipole moment and structure of molecules.

Unit : 21

The Solid State

Structure of simple ionic compounds. Close-packed structures. Ionic-radii, Silictes (elementary ideas). Imperfection in solids (point defects only). Properties of solids. Amorphous solids.

Unit : 22

Solutions

Types of solutions, Vapour-pressure of solutions and Raoult's law. Colligative properties. Non-ideal solutions and abnormal molecular masses. Mole concept - stoichemistry, volumetric analysis-concentration unit.

Unit : 23

Chemical Thermodynamics

First law of thermodynamics: Internal energy, Enthalphy, application of first law of thermodynamics. Second law of thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy, Spontaneity of a chemical reaction, free energy change and chemical equilibrium, free energy as energy available for useful work. Third law of thermodynamics.

Unit : 24

Electrochemistry

Electrolytic conduction. Voltaic cell, Electrode potential and Electromotive force, Gibb's free energy and cell potential. Electrode potential and Electrolysis. Primary cells including fuel cell. Corrosion.

Unit : 25

Chemical Kinetics

Rate expression. Order of a reaction (with suitable examples). Units of rates and specific rate constant. Order of reaction and concentration. (study will be confined to first order only). Temperature dependance of rate constant-Fast reactions (only elementary idea). Mechanism of reaction (only elementary idea). Photochemical reactions.

Unit : 26

Organic Chemistry Based on Functional Group-I

(Halides and Hydroxy compounds). Nomenclature of compounds containing halogen atoms and hydroxyl groups : haloalkanes, haloarenes; alcohols and phenols. Correlation of physical properties and uses. Preparation, properties and uses of following: Polyhalogen compounds : Chloroform, Idoform Polhydric compounds. Ethane 1,2-diol; Propane-1,2,3 triol. Structure and reactivity-(a) Induction effect, (b) Mesomeric effect, (c) Electrophiles and Nucleophiles, (d) Types of organic reaction.

Unit : 27

Organic Chemistry Based on Functional Group-II

(Ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives). Nomenclature of ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives. (acylhalides, acid anhydrides, amides and esters). General methods of preparation, correlation of physical properties with their structures, chemical properties and uses. (Note : Specific compounds should not be stressed for the purpose of evaluation)

Unit : 28

Organic Chemistry Based on Functional Group-III

(Cyanides, isocyanides, nitrocompounds and amines) Nomenclature of cyanides and isocynides; nitro compounds and amines and their methods of preparation; correlation of physical properties with structure, chemical reactions and uses.

Unit : 29

Chemistry of Representative Elements

Periodic properties - Trends in groups and periods (a) Oxides-nature (b) Halides-melting points (c) Carbonates and Sulphates - solubility. The chemistry of s and p block elements, electronic configuration, general characteristic properties and oxidation states of the following:- Group 1 elements-Alkali metals Group 2 elements-Alkaline earth metals Group 13 elements-Boron family Group 14 elements-Carbon family Group 15 elements-Nitrogen family Group 16 elements-Oxygen family Group 17 elements-Halogen family Group 18 elements-Nobel gases and Hydrogen.

Unit : 30

Transition Metals including Lanthanides

Electronic configuration : General characteristic properties, oxidation states of transition metals. First row transition metals and general properties of their compounds-oxides, halides and sulphides. General properties of second and third row transition elements (Groupwise discussion). Preparation of Potassium dichromate, Potassium permanganate. Inner transition elements : General discussion with special reference to oxidation states and Lanthanide contraction.

Unit : 31

Coordination Chemistry and Organo Metallics

Coordination compounds. Nomenclature : Isomerism in coordination compounds; Bonding in coordination compounds; Stability of coordination compounds; application of coordination compounds; Compounds containing metal-carbon bond; Application of organometallics.

Unit : 32

Nuclear Chemistry

Nature of radiation from radioactive substances. Nuclear structure and nuclear properties. Nuclear reactions; Radioactive disintegration series; Artificial transmutation of elements; Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusion : Isotopes and their uses; Radio carbon-dating; Synthetic elements.

Unit : 33

Synthetic and Natural Polymers

Classification of Polymers, natural and synthetic polymers (with stress on their general methods of preparation) and important uses of the following: Teflon, PVC, Polystyrene, Nylon-66, Terylene. Environmental pollution - pollutant - services - check and alternatives.

Unit : 34

Surface Chemistry

Surfaces : Adsorption Colloids-(Preparation and general properties). Emulsions, Micelles. Catalysis : Homogeneous and heterogeneous, structure of catalyst.

Unit : 35

Bio Molecules

Carbohydrates : Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides. Amino Acids and Peptides-Structure and classification. Proteins and Enzymes - Structure of Proteins, Role of enzymes. Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA Biological functions of Nucleic acids - Protein synthesis and replication. Lipids - Structure, membranes and their functions.

Unit : 36

Chemistry of Biological Process

Carbohydrates and their Metabolism, Blood, haemoglobin and respiration; Immune system; Vitamins and hormones. Simple idea of chemical evolution.

Unit : 37

Chemistry in Action

Dyes, Chemicals in medicines, Rocket propellants. (Structural formulae non-evaluative)