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ANSWER-KEY-FOR-CLAT-2011-LAW-ENTRANCE-TEST-FOR-NLU

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Answers

1.  (b) Option (a) is opposite to that given in the 2nd paragraph. Mahalanobis was a believer in the rigid control of the government. Similarly (c) is opposed to the passage where the author has established that restrictions are bad for the Indian companies. (d) is unfounded in the passage. The phenomenon of devaluation was neither opposed nor favoured. (b) is clearly given in the middle of the 2nd paragraph  where Spratt inveighed against the economic policies of the Government.

2.  (a) Options (b), (c) and (d) are given in the passage. (a) is least likely to be true as Shroff was a believer of free enterprise and his policies would promote and not smother indian companies.

3.  (a) as can be seen in the passage, there were some advocates of free enterprise like Shroff and Sprat but  they were outnumbered by scores of others both in the Government and outside.  The  passage  is  not   just  on  the  Soviet  style  policies  or  Indira  Gandhi’s nationalisation or the devaluation of the rupee. These instances have been given but the passage is not on them.

4.  (d) It is a fact based question the answer of which is clearly given in the beginning of the second paragraph.

5.  (c) It is clearly mentioned in the second paragraph how Shroff was at odds with the

planning commission due to his advocacy of free enterprise.

6.  (c) It is clearly given in the beginning of the 2nd paragraph.

7.  (d)  as  is  given  in  the  last  paragraph  how  the  split  avoided  the  one  chance  of  free enterprise. The other options (a), (b), (c) are unsubstantiated in the passage.

8.  (b) as given in the last paragraph.

9.  (c) Since shroff is singular so verb is was.

10. (d) inveighed means scolded or remonstrated.

11. (d) as can be seen by the passage through examples where the author draws attention to the pathetic portrayal of Dalits. He also urges the non-Dalits to take a slice of Dalit life.

12. (a) as is written in the last paragraph, Premchand and Mulk Raj Anand portrayed a stereotyped version of Dalits.

13. (d) as is given in the 3rd paragraph, 5th line, “ In a society that is …………………..”

14. (c) This is opposite to what the author says in the 3rd paragraph, 3rd line, “………NOT

simply for reasons of authenticity, or as a concession to identity politics………………”

15. (d) as given clearly in the last two lines of the 2nd paragraph.

16. (b) Options (a), (c) and (d) are mentioned in the 3rd paragraph. (b) is not mentioned as is given in the 14th question.

17. (d) has not been mentioned anywhere.

18. (b) as is mentioned in the last paragraph.

19. (c) sly can be substituted by devious.

20. (c) since subject is Dalit movements which is plural so verb is ‘were’.

21. (d) As is given in the 5th paragraph, 1st line, the criticism is not aimed at the book but otherwise.

22. (a) Fusillade is a barrage or constant flow.

23. (b) as is given in the 7th paragraph; people who oppose identity and challenge “who gets to write about india” contingent.

24. (c) as is seen in the above case.

25. (c) as is given in the middle of the 6th paragraph where the author shows how the country is rich in hospitality and a section is divorced from their compatriots. Options (a), (b) and (d) are opposite to what is mentioned in the passage.

26. (d) as is mentioned in the 6th paragraph.

27. (d) para 6 and 7 put together tell you this.

28. (d), mentioned on the top of the 5th paragraph where reading becomes superfluous.

29. (d) The question itself is problematic as the question should not be who gets to write about India but what has been written, this being the crux of the passage. (b) though is written, it is not the crux of the passage  but is written to emphasize the complexity of the issue which is a non issue

30. (a) since subject is sensitivity which is singular so verb is ‘has’.

31. (d) This is what the author is trying to portray that economic plans should not be made keeping in mind rebellion as rebellion may not happen. But (a) is wrong as the author does not say that rebellion never  happens. (b) too is wrong as every religious discrimination may not lead to violence

32. (c) The author says this in the 3rd line of the 2nd paragraph that such a connection may kill the rationale of the drive.

33. (d) In the whole passage, the author is urging not to link poverty alleviation with violence.

He does mention option (b) to support certain arguments but the crux remains (d).

34. (d) perilous is dangerous.

35. (c) as is given in the last paragraph. The context of peace is with respect to famine and not with respect to religion etc. hence (a), (b) and (d) can be removed.

36. (b) destitute means poor or indigent.

37. (c) The rest can be inferred but in saying that poverty and violence should not be linked the author is not saying that they should NEVER be linked.

38. (c) The author is giving reasons for basing anti-poverty plans on violence, and has appealed for self-interest of certain people in the first paragraph.

39. (c) as is given in the passage.

40. (d) easier to mobilize.

41. (b)

42. (a)

43. (a)

44. (d)

45. (a)

46. (b)

47. (b)

48. (a)

49. (a)

50. (a)

51. (b)

52. (c)

53. (a)

54. (c)

55. (d)

56. (d)

57. (d)

58. (c)

59. (d)

60. (d)

General knowledge

61. (b)

62. (d)

63. (a)

64. (d)

65. (b)

66. (a)

67. (b)

68. (b)

69. (c)

70. (d)

71. (c)

72. (a)

73. (d)

74. (c)

75. (c)

76. (c)

77. (c)

78. (b)

79. (b)

80. (b)

81. (c)

82. (b)

83. (b)

84. (d)

85. (c)

86. (b)

87. (c)

88. (c)

89. (c)

90. (c)

Numeric ability

91. (b) Akbar will turn 50 when his son Jehangir turns 18, i.e. when Jehangir was born then

Akbar was 32 years old. Now, let the Jehangir be “x” when Akbar becomes 5 times his age i.e. 32+x = 5x => x = 8 years. This means age of Akbar will be: 32 + 8 = 40 years.

92. (c) If last 1.5 feet is left, then that would be the last lift of Arun. Also, 1.5 feet is climbed in each lift and 0.5 feet he slips in next  i.e. he climbs 1 feet in 1 lift and 1 slip. So, in 17 feet there would be 17 lifts and 17 slips. As, he reaches 17th feet, he would next go one more lift to climb the next 1.5 feet left. Therefore, total lifts = 17 + 1 = 18.

93. (c) Tax on first 1.5 lakhs = 0

Tax on next 1.5 lakhs = 10% (1.5 lakhs) = Rs 15000

Tax on remaining 2 lakhs = 20% (2 lakhs) = Rs 40000

i.e. total tax = Rs 55000.

94. (a) Let numbers be 4x and 5x. Now, (4x + 20) : (5x + 20) = 6 : 7

i.e. 28x + 140 =30x + 120

i.e. x = 10

i.e. the numbers are 40 and 50 i.e. sum = 90

95. (c) After discount of 90% the making charges was Rs 100 i.e. original making charge is Rs 1000. This means the discount was Rs 900 and original cost was Rs 1000 + Rs 900 = Rs 1900. Now, discount on total cost = (900/1900)× 100 = 47.3%.

96. (c) After discount of 90% the making charges was Rs 100 i.e. original making charge is Rs 1000. This means the discount was Rs 900 and original cost was Rs 1000 + Rs 900 = Rs 1900. Now, discount on total cost = (900/1900)× 100 = 47.3%.

97. (c) Distance = d

Now, d/6–d/7 = 15/60

Or, d = 42/4 = 10.5 km

(Note: In actual question, options were wrong).

98. (b) Let the numbers be “x” and “y” . Now, x – y = 9

Also, x2  – y2  = 981

i.e. (x + y) (x – y) = 981 i.e. x + y = 109

Solving, x = 59 and y = 50.

99. (a) If average increase by 5 runs then, she must have scored 18 × 5 = 90 runs extra. This means i.e. initial average was = 102 – 90 = 12 runs.

Therefore, final average = 12 + 5 = 17 runs.

100. (d)           Not enough information is given.

101.     (a) There are 9 perfect square numbers from 1 to 90.

Thus,    required probability = 9/90 = 1/10.

102.     (c) Required probability = 1 – P(getting 2 heads)  =

1 – (1/2)×(1/2) = ¾.

103. (c) (Required length)2  = 182  + 9.62  = 416.66

i.e. Required length = 20.4 mts.

104. (a)            This series is AP with common difference 3. Thus,

10th term = 5 + 3 (9) = 32.

105. (d)            Required probability = 37/83.

106. (a)            Volume of tennis ball = Volume of sphere = πr3  = 240

Thus, πr3  = 180

Now, radius of container = r & its height = 6r

Volume = π r2h = π r2  (6r) = 6πr3  = 6×180 = 1080 cm3.

107. (b)            Circumference of circle = 5×(15/60) = 1.25 kms = 1250 mts

Now, 2πr = 1250 i.e. r = 198.8 = 200 approx.

108. (d) (9/7)3  x (49/81)2x-6= (7/9)9 (7/9)-3  × (7/9)4x – 12   = (7/9)9 i.e. (7/9) 4x – 15 = (7/9)9

Comparing: 4x - 15 = 9 or, x = 6

109.     (d) Let 1 egg cost Rs 1. Cost of 1 eggs = Rs 18.

Cost of 12 egg = Rs 12. SP of 12 eggs = 12 – 1.2 = 10.8

To cover the cost, he should sell remaining 6 eggs at 15 – 10.8 = Rs 4.2

Profit = (1.2/6)×100 = 20%

110.     (d) Percentage change is successive of +10%, +10% and – 20%.

Successive of 10% & 10% = 10 + 10 + (10×10)/100 = 21%

Now, successive of 21% and –20% = 21+ (–20) + (21× –21)/100 = 1 – 4.41 = −3.41%

i.e. the volume decreases by 3.41%.

(Note: In actual question the options given were wrong).

Logical reasoning

111. (a) Applying if then conditional, option a will be false since “No fire” => “no smoke”.

112. (b) Again, applying the if then conditional, option ‘b’ is false, if Bhutan is a poor

country, it ought to have thieves, if x then y.

113. (d) There are four terms, so no conclusion can follow.

114. (b) Both the premises are negative, hence B

115. (b) B point out an exception to Suleiman’s statement

116. (d) None of the options follow.

117. (c) After B, D comes; one alphabet is skipped. Then G comes; 2 are skipped. Between K

and P, 4 alphabets are skipped; therefore, after P, 5 will be skipped and V would come.

118. (d). The sequence shows the alphabets which come at prime numbers while writing them in an alphabetical order. B=2, C=3, E=5, and so on. S is 19 and the next prime number is 23 so the next alphabet is W. Hence option (d).

119. (b) Z is 26; X is 24; T is 20 and N is 14 (alphabetical order); we observe that the difference between two numbers is increasing by 2 with every consecutive pair; 26–24=2; 24–

20=4; 20–14=6 and so the next letter should be the one that comes at 6 so that the difference is 8 (14–6=8) and is consistent with the sequence. It is F.

120. (c) Apple and Application form a pair where the first four letters are the same; similarly Apricot and April form a pair and have the first four letters same so Approval will form a pair only with Appropriate to remain consistent.

121. (a) The difference between 2 consecutive days in the sequence starts with 0 (Sunday and Monday) and  keeps on increasing by 1. The difference between the last pair, Monday and Sunday, is 5. Therefore the next day should be 6 days apart from Sunday which is Sunday.

122. (b)

123. (b) All the other words do not have a vowel in them.

124. (b) The first 2 letters in each word in the sequence are vowels A, E, I, O, so the fifth word has to start with double U.

125. (a) The higher literacy rate in China is attributed to greater efficiency of the Communist system and the lesser literacy in India is attributed to the lack of efficiency in the democratic system. Among the given options, option (a) disproves the efficiency aspect.

126. (b) Between options (b) and (c), “b” is best, since it directly denies Socrates’ premise X “meant” Y by stating that X does NOT by itself mean Y. Socrates’ argument was “he had lived in Athens for so many years meant that he had committed himself to obeying its laws. It would therefore be wrong for him to break those very laws he was implicitly committed to obeying” and option (b) talks about long residence and  importance of explicit commitment instead of an implicit one, thus challenging the argument. Option (c) is too vague, especially in comparison with (b).

127. (a) Argument: Government would be justified in banning soft drinks because they are bad  for the  teeth.  (a) is  correct;  and  yes,(c) can  be eliminated because the argument  is premised on soft drinks being “bad” for teeth, not on soft drinks being unhygienic. (In fact they are perfectly hygienic, there is nothing dirty about them; it is just that the sugar in them is corrosive and promotes decay; not brushing or flossing regularly on the other hand causes poor oral hygiene, which also promotes decay. So (c) is tangential (though related), while (a) is a directly applicable assumption.

128. (c) Older than 25 years and not being bankrupt are the two criteria for being eligible for election to Lok Sabha. Jatinder Singh fulfills the criterion related to age but does not fulfill the one related to bankruptcy. So he is not eligible for election to Lok Sabha. As the conclusion says that he cannot be elected as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, this means that the author has assumed that one who is not eligible for election to the Lok Sabha  is  also not eligible for being the Speaker of Lok Sabha. Thus, option (c) is correct.

129. (a) The passage states that the behaviour of people at the end of the century is similar to the behaviour of people that are at the end of their lives. Just as those who are at the end of

their lives start reflecting on the past events of their lives, similarly, those who are alive in

1999 (i.e. those who are at the end of the century) will reflect on the events of the century

(twentieth). Thus, option (a) is the logically correct choice.

130. (a) Lucretius demonstrated this.

131. (b) Utilitarians believe that the action that produces maximum happiness is the right action. Option (b) states that one should do one’s duty without giving any consideration to the consequences (happiness or  misery).  Thus, option (b) is incompatible with the belief of Utilitarians.

132. (b) Senthil draws his conclusion about the entire Ambala city on the basis of a limited and insufficient data. He had only seen the route from railway station to hotel sand not the entire city

133. (b) Since Europe “resolved” its problems after centuries, implies that it was trying to

resolve its problems, i.e. it was gradually albeit very slowly moving towards stability.

134. (c) It is an opinion.

135. (c) “less pleasant to live in” is subjective and is an opinion.

136. (c) “more cultured” is an opinioned expression

137. (d) No definite conclusion can follow.

138. (d) None of the conclusions follow.

139. (d) All others are affirmative conclusions.

140. (d).  The argument  states the  models and  theories of economics  (that  are based  on mathematical  formulae)  are  too  idealistic  and  far  from  real  and  practical.  Option  (d) summarises the argument effectively.

141. (d) a.b and c are nowhere implied.

142. (b) author’s argument relies on differene between the ideal and the real hence b.

143. (b) By talking about mountain passes and Gangetic plain the author has based his argument on this. (c) is seemingly close but is too extreme to be the correct option.

144. (b)  The  passage  says  “religion  avoids  mountain  passes”  and  gives  an  example  of Buddhism to support its argument. But (b) gives a contradictory fact about another religion and thus weakens the argument.

145. (b) The conclusion of the argument is mentioned in its last lines “That is, friendship connoted  intimacy  in  England  while  in  Rural  India,  brotherhood  conveyed  intimacy.” Therefore, the attitude of people of England towards brotherhood and friendship is different from that of rural India.

146. (c) The argument concludes that “friendship connotes intimacy in England”. Option (c) which  states  that  “people  in  England  do  not  think  that  friendship  connotes  intimacy” contradicts the argument.

147. (b) The  argument  discusses  the importance of social  context  in  making learning a language easier and effective. Option (b) summarises the argument effectively.

148. (d) All of the given statements present facts that contradict the given argument and thus weaken it.

149. (b) The argument talks about the goodness/richness of tribal culture and the lack of need to dilute the richness of these cultures. The conclusions implied in the argument are: 1) Following/developing their own culture is good for tribes as well as for the country. 2) Tribal cultures do contribute to the diversity of the Indian culture. 3) Forceful adoption of another culture by tribal people would reduce their cultural  distinctness and diversity. Option (b)

which states “Tribal customs should not be allowed to change in any respect” takes the

argument too far and is not implied in the passage.

150. (d) The argument talks about the goodness/richness of tribal culture and the lack of need

to dilute the richness of these cultures. Option (d) which states “The tribes should assimilate

as far as possible into non-tribal culture as a condition of full citizenship” contradicts the spirit

as well as the essence of the passage.

151. (c) The argument does not mention the conditions that demand the tribal people to be flexible and change some of their customs. Moreover, the idea of modern medicines is beyond the scope of the passage. Thus, option (c) is not an assumption implicit in the argument.

152. (b) The passage itself states that in India, the States governed by the Communist party respect human  rights. Option (b) contradicts this by stating that Communist States never respect human rights. Thus, option (b) is not a conclusion implicit in the passage.

153. (a) The argument states that the concept of human rights enshrined in the Constitution of India is the reason behind the Communist party’s respect for human rights (in India). Option (a) weakens the argument by stating that the communist governments are not motivated by the principles of the Constitution (of India). Instead they are motivated by their own Communist principle.

154. (a)     Since  the  passage  concludes  that  political  and  economic  democracy  are  both required, it means that democracy has not ceased to be a liberating force.

155. (c) Since it contradicts the main premiss “If poverty continues...democracy ceases to be a liberating force”. (a) can be eliminated because the part of the argument it pertains to, is only a  paraphrasing  of  the  main  argument  itself  (“in  other  words...)  and  also  because  the “inseparability” of PD & ED does not necessarily mean that they DO co-exist; it could also be meant that they OUGHT TO co-exist; i.e. meant De Jure, i.e. as  a  conceptually desirable thing (thereby strengthening the argument) rather than as De facto i.e. factual and actual and already the case.

Legal aptitude

156 (a) There is a restriction but Rule D, the actions of private persons are not covered rule.

157. (d)  Unlike  the  previous  question  here  the  obligation  to  join  a  union  is  made  by

Parliament’s law, as such it would amount to an administrative/State action.

158. (c) A person also has the right with whom to associate. If the trade union does not have the right to choose its members, then it would amount to a case of violating the right of the trade union members to choose whom to associate with.

159. (d) Yet again the it is a private action not susceptible to fundamental rights.

160. (c) The rule only protects the right to join and choose a trade union. The objective of trade union is  to  secure the rights of its members through various means like strike and, therefore, merely an objective.

161. (b) Elizabeth has a better right as against the airline company.

162. (b) As per the principal the property rights have no bearing upon an unattended item.

163. (d) There is nothing in the rule which permits the right of the airline company to exercise rights over  unattended objects. [Legally speaking, however, the rights would vest with the airline company, but we go strictly according to the rule].

164. (a) The release of all women prisoners is an order based on sex of the rule and therefore directly discriminates on the basis of Rule A.

165. (c) It does discriminate on the basis of age, but it is not a ground prohibited by Rule A, hence it cannot be described as discriminatory.

166. (b) Rule D requires an act to be absolutely necessary. Release may or may not be beneficial to  women. For example, certain women how are manic may be better off in a facility, hence (b).

167. (b). (c) seems to be a correct answer but is not as the statistic speaks of women in Bihar, not in prison. It may be the case that out of the women in prison almost all the women may be graduate in which case it will not be discriminatory but beneficial to them. However, if almost

90% persons being released are from upper castes then it is indirectly discriminatory against the backward class.

168. (a) Unlike question A the requirement of being absolutely necessary is not present.

169. (d) Under Rule A, a person having a guardian is supposed to be treated like a minor till s/he reaches the age of 21.

170. (d) Bandita should have been a major and that she had the necessary authority to sell the land.

171. (a) As a major she would have the capacity to contract.

172. (c) In Rule C, the contract is protected if the minor induced the other person. Here Ajay induced Bandita to enter into the contract.

173. (a) The law is made to protect the interests of minors and permitting Ajay would defeat the protection afforded to a minor.

174. (c) (a) As per Rule A the person using threat need not necessarily be the person with whom the contract is entered with.

175. (c) There is no existing relationship between  Chulbul and Dhanraj. Aadil and Baalu are friends, not their fathers.

176. (d) Being complicit implies both of them were jointly coerced by Dhanraj.

177. (d) He was complicit in the act of coercion by participation in the abduction.

178. (b) The effects must be uniform for all.

179. (d) Everyone must have an equal opportunity to benefit.

180. (c) Option (a) mandates the effect should benefit all.

181. (b) Here an opportunity is given to all or not given at all and when decided to be saved everyone is saved.

182. (d) The quality test only accepts the product. Different people will have different ways of manufacturing a product but so long as it meets a quality standard the product is acceptable as such there is no control over manner and method over the product.

183. (d) The definition of a workplace and the work hours would amount to control over the work style.

184. (c) Having lunch outside the premises is not an incidental function [Legally the position is different if there is no canteen in the premises, but as a CLAT student you are not expected to know that].

185. (d)  As there existed no relationship between Ashish and the company, there could be no question of the action being incidental to rolling biris or not.

186. (c) The moment he boarded the company bus, he would said to have commenced employment.

187. (b) He moved the painting but with the consent to move it.

188. (a) As per the rule, there must be an intent to damage or reduce the value of the painting.

189. (c) Here he would be guilty of theft since Indira did not know about the painting, he would be removing it without her knowledge and consent.

190. (c) Theft is a crime against possession. The rule does not speak about dishonest intent so it is irrelevant as to what intent Indira had.

191. None. Kamala’s actions would not constitute criminal damage by any measure.

192. (d) The carpet does not meet the requirement of a fixture.

193. (b) The door being affixed becomes a fixture a per Rule B.

194. (b) Being placed or being attached makes a difference to the fixture.

195. (d) As per Rule C a good intended to be a part of the premises may qualify as a fixture.

196. (c) The principle of ad infinitum is given.

197. (d) Hoisting a flag over 75 feet shall not constitute a necessary use.

198. (b) In this case under Rule A she would be entitled to use of land infinitely. Under Rule B, Javed and Sandeep cannot put the hoarding as it casts a shadow and, therefore, violates the enjoyment of land held by Shazia.

199. (d) Neither would constitute a reasonable use.

200. (d) The shadow casts a permanent shadow on her terrace.