(Papers) : IIT Madras HSEE Papers-2019 (General Studies–Ecology and Environment)

Q.113 If B is Natality, D is Mortality, I is Immigration, E is Emigration, and Nt is population at time t, then the population N(t+1) is
[A] Nt + [(B+D) − (I+E)]
[B] Nt + [(B+I) − (D+E)]
[C] Nt + [(I+E) − (B+D)]
[D] Nt + [(D+E) − (B+I)]

Q.114 The current human population of a developing area in India is 1 million and the carrying capacity is 2 million. If the intrinsic rate of natural increase per capita for the population is 0.02, then the estimated rate of increase in population for the "logistic growth model" is
[A] 1000
[B] 10000
[C] 2000
[D] 20000

Q.115 Net primary productivity is
[A] Gross primary productivity − Respiration + Transpiration
[B] Gross primary productivity − Respiration
[C] Gross primary productivity − Transpiration
[D] Gross primary productivity − Respiration − Transpiration

Q.116 In the last 3 billion years there were five episodes of mass extinction of species. The estimated rates for the sixth extinction (current) are
[A] 10 to 20 times faster
[B] 10 to 50 times faster
[C] 10 to 100 times faster
[D] 100 to 1000 times faster

Q.117 The gases responsible for global  warming are
[A] carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.
[B] carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluoro carbons and halogens.
[C] carbon dioxide, methane, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.
[D] chlorofluoro carbons, halogens, hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide.

Q.118 Presence of excess nitrate in drinking water causes
[A] skeletal nitrosis
[B] black foot disease
[C] blue baby syndrome
[D] foot in the mouth disease

Q.119 Among the following, the least abundant gas in Earth’s atmosphere is
[A] carbon dioxide
[B] methane
[C] argon
[D] hydrogen

Q.120 The Chipko movement to protect trees started in
[A] Kashmir
[B] West Bengal
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Uttarakhand

Q.121 In a grass → deer → tiger food chain, for a grass biomass of 1000 t (t = tonne), the typical tiger biomass supported is in the range of
[A] 10 t to 100 t
[B] 1 t to 10 t
[C] 10 kg to 100 kg
[D] 1 kg to 10 kg

Q.122 Most useful wavelength regions of solar energy for efficient photosynthesis are
[A] green and red
[B] blue and red
[C] blue and green
[D] green and violet

Q.123 For removal of air pollutants, scrubber device uses
[A] liquid spray
[B] filters
[C] electrodes
[D] catalyst

Q.124 The concentration of an aqueous salt solution in parts per trillion (ppt) is equivalent to number of nanogram of the salt dissolved in
[A] 10 gm of water
[B] 1000 gm of water
[C] 100 gm of water
[D] 10000 gm of water

Q.125 The tidal effect is primarily due to
[A] the gravitational force of the Moon only.
[B] the centrifugal force of the Earth's rotation only.
[C] combination of the gravitational force of the Moon and the centrifugal force of the Earth's rotation.
[D] the gravitational force of the Sun only.

Q.126 Eutrophication of water body is primarily due to the enrichment of
[A] phosphorus
[B] nitrogen
[C] carbon
[D] potassium

Q.127 This question carries 2 marks. One option or more options is/are correct answer(s) to this question.
The major cause(s) of land degradation and subsequent soil erosion in relative terms at the global level is/are
[A] over grazing
[B] deforestation
[C] agriculture
[D] industrial activity

Q.128 This question  carries 2 marks. One option or more options is/are correct answer(s) to this question.
Ramsar convention  address(es)
[A] conservation of terrestrial biodiversity
[B] conservation of marine diversity
[C] conservation of wetland
[D] conservation of mangroves and coral reefs

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