(Download) CBSE Class-12 Sample Paper 2022-23: Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India
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(Download) CBSE Class-12 Sample Paper 2022-23 : Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India
Sample Question Paper (Term-1) 2022-23
Subject Name : Knowledge Traditions and Practices of India
Subject Code: 073
Time Allowed: 3 Hour
Minutes Maximum Marks: 70
Q1
(a) Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
It is said that for the great Greek civilization, Geometry was the core science. For the older Indian civilization, Grammar (vyākaraṇa) is the core science. It was the first science to develop because it was needed to maintain and to understand the large body of intellectual texts such as the four knowledge texts, the Vedas, the numerous philosophical Upaniṣads, the prose Brāhmanas, the sociological Dharmaśāstras and the phonetic-linguistic Pratiśākhyas.
India has been a knowledge society since the beginning, and for the Indian people jnāna, knowledge, is superior to action (karma) and worship (bhakti) and is considered as the great purifier. However, another important view is that knowledge and action are equally important. As the Yoga-Vāśiṣṭha notes, for human beings knowledge and action are like the two wings of a bird, both indispensable. As India has always attached the highest value to knowledge and as all knowledge is constituted in language (jnānamsarvamśabdenabhāsate — Bhartṛhari’sVākyapadīya), great value has been attached to the study of language in all its dimensions: sounds, words, sentences, metres, etymology and meaning. In Ṛgveda, language is described as a revealer of true knowledge. Bhartṛhari (5th century CE), the great grammarian, says that knowledge and language are interwoven.
The study of language arose from the need to understand the knowledge texts such as the Ṛgveda. These texts have been transmitted orally from teacher to disciples for millennia. Though India had a scientific phonetic script, still knowledge was stored and transmitted orally. Six disciplines known as vedāṅgas developed to articulate and interpret texts: śikṣā (phonetics), nirukta (etymology), vyākaraṇa (grammar), chanda (prosody), kalpa (ritualistic performances) and jyotiṣa (astronomy). Out of these six disciplines, the first four pertain to language, its sounds, words and forms, etymology and metre. These four are today part of modern linguistics Three features of language are: (i) It is primarily speech. Consider our words for language: bhāṣā, vāk, vāṇī, bolī etc. All assert that language is speech (writing is secondary as it represents speech). (ii) It is the means of thought — thinking is not possible without language. (iii) It constructs for each of us things, experiences, emotions and ideas by naming them. With these we know things that are not present physically. Someone utters the word ‘cow’ and we see in our mind the picture of a particular animal and can describe it at length.
Answer these questions in relation to above passage. (2 marks each)
i. Why was it essential to create grammar?
ii. What are the dimensions of language and its relevance?
iii. Why was there a need to study language?
iv. List vedāṅgas relevant to language.
v. Describe the features of language.
