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(E-Book) Class X Mathematics: Chapter - 11 (Geometrical Construction)

Chapter 11

Geometrical Construction


  1. From a point P on the circle of radius 4cm, draw a tangent to the circle without using the centre. Also write steps of construction. Draw a circle of radius 4.5cm. Take a point P on it. Construct a tangent at the point P without using the centre of the circle. Write the steps of construction.
     
  2. Draw a circle of radius 5cm. Take a point P on it. Without using the centre of the circle, construct a tangent at the point P. Write the steps of construction also.
     
  3. Draw a circle of diameter 12cm. From a point P, 10cm away from its centre, construct a pair of tangent to the circle. Measure the lengths of the tangent segments.
     
  4. Draw a circle of radius 5cm. from a point P, 7cm away from its centre, construct a pair of tangents to the circle. Measure the length of the tangent segments.
     
  5. Draw a circle of radius 7cm. From a point P, 8cm away from its centre, Construct a pair tangents to the circle. Measure the length of the tangent segments.
     
  6. Construct a triangle ABC in which BC = 13cm, CA = 5cm and AB = 12cm. Draw its incircle and measure its radius.
     
  7. Construct a triangle ABC in which AB = 3cm, BC = 4cm and AC = 5cm. Draw the circumcircle of triangle ABC.
     
  8. Construct the circumcircle of an equilateral triangle with side 6cm. Write the steps of construction....

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(E-Book) Class X Mathematics: Chapter - 10 (Tangents to a Circle)

Chapter 10

Tangents to a circle


Tangent to a circle is a line which intersects the circle in exactly one point.

At a point of a circle there is one and only one tangent.

The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.

The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.

Centre of the circle lies on the bisector of the angle between the two tangents.

Theorem 1:- If two chords of a circle intersect inside or outside the circle, then the rectangle formed by the two parts of one chord is equal in area to the rectangle formed by the two parts of the other.................


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(E-Book) Class X Mathematics: Chapter - 9 (Circle)

Chapter 9

Circle


  • Circle is a closed figure of points which are at a constant distance from a fixed points, centre and constant distance is called radius.
  • Two circles are congruent if and only if they have equal radii.
  • Equal chords of a circle subtend equal angles at the centre and conversely.
  • Two arcs of a circle are congruent if their corresponding chords are equal and conversely.
  • The perpendicular drawn from the centre of a circle to a chord bisects the chord.
  • The line drawn through the centre of a circle to bisect a chord is perpendicular to the chord.

Theorem 1. There is one and only one circle passing through three non-collinear points...............


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(Test Paper) CBSE Class X: Biology Test Paper By Career Point

CBSE Class X: Biology Test Paper By Career Point


1 Marks :-

1.What happens when guard cell swell with water?
2.Give a name of a plant and animal which are parasites?
3.How does mixing of food takes place in stomach ?
4.Why do herbivores animals have large smaller intestine ?
5.What is function of anal sphincter ?
6.What is the composition of bile juice ?
7.Why does the walls of trachea do not collapse ?
8.Why is carbon dioxide transported in the dissolved form in our blood ?
9.What are the functions of plasma ?
10.What is the size of the heart ?
11.Why arteries have thick walls ?
12.Why plants have less energy needs 2 Reasons ?
13.Define excretion ?
14.How can the urge to urinate be controlled ?
15.Where are the plant waste stored ?
16.Which part is called as thinking part of brain ?
17.Which part of the brain controls vomiting ?
18.Name a plant hormone which helps in wilting of leaves ?
19.Why is it advised to have iodised salt in our diet ?
20.What is feed back mechanism ?
21.How does the pathogen of Kala azar reproduce?
22.What is germination ?
23.Define puberty ?
24.Why does breasts mature in size in females?
25.What is the function of tail in the sperm ?
26.How does child birth takes place ?
27.What is a condom ?
28.What are the functions of sepals and carpel in a flower ?
29.What is genetic drift ?
30.What type of eyes does a planaria have ?
3 Marks
31.Explain the importance of fossils in deciding evolutionary

GENERAL: 
Subjects: 
Exam / Class: 

(Guess Paper) CBSE Class XII Pre-Board : (Informatics Practices) 2009

CBSE Class XII Pre-Board : (Informatics Practices) 2009


Q 1 Answer the following question :
a) Define –
(i) Freeware    
ii) Shareware    
iii) OpenSource    
iv) Tomcat

b) What is the purpose of Data Mining?

c) Define the following terms.
i) Data Dictionary
ii) Data Warehousing

d) What does object modeling technique mean? Why do we use UML?

e) Explain Localization & Internationalization.

Q 2 Answer the following question :
a) Explain the following terms
i) Startup Form
ii) Load Statement
iii) Show Method
iv) Event

b) How is a standard module different from a form module? Explain with example.

c) Explain the term Data Provider and Data Control.

d) Write one difference and one common characteristic between a control and a variable in Visual basic?

e) What do understand by OLE?

GENERAL: 
Exam / Class: 

(Important Questions) CBSE Class XII : English Short Answer Type Question (The Third Level)

CBSE Class XII : English Short Answer Type Questions


(THE THIRD LEVEL)

1. What does the third level refer to?
2. Would Charley ever go back to the ticket-counter on the third level to buy tickets to Galesburg for himself and his wife?
3. Do you think that the third level was a medium of escape for Charley? Why?
4. What do you infer from Sam’s letter to Charley?
5. ‘The modern world is full of insecurity, fear, war, worry and stress.’ What are the ways in which we attempt to overcome them?
6. Do you see an intersection of time and space in the story?
7. Apparent illogicality sometimes turns out to be futuristic projection. Discuss.

8. Philately helps keep the past alive. Discuss other ways in which this is done. What do you think of the human tendency to constantly move between the past, the present and the future?

9. You have read, ‘Adventure’ by Jayant Narlikar in Hornbill Class XI. Compare the interweaving of fantasy and reality in the two stories.
10. What will the President of the New York Central and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroads swear? What did the narrator claim?
11. Why did the narrator talk to a psychiatrist friend of his and what did he say about the third level?
12. How did the narrator’s psychiatrist friend analyze his claim of being at the

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Exam / Class: 

(Important Questions) Class XII English Questions And Important Terms (Literature, Poetry)

ENGLISH- XII  (LITERATURE)

SECTION- C : Flamingo (Poetry)

Poem 1
My Mother at Sixty –Six

By Kamala Das

Main Theme:
The poem, ‘My Mother at Sixty-Six’ rendered in blank verse, examines the theme of advancing age and the fear of loss and separation.
The poetess on way to the airport at Cochin is suddenly struck by the thought that her mother has grown old. This realization being sudden is alarming. Old age seems to have crept up on her and it is a reality that she finds hard to accept. Her corpse like and ashen face bring thoughts of her eventual death. Her mother sleeping beside her in the car appears pale and worn out and the green trees racing past and speeding car are a grim reminder that time has flown by. The joyous children playing outside give her the respite that she is seeking from her thoughts of old age and parting as they are representative of youth, energy and life. Perhaps they take her back to the days of her idyllic youth when her mother too was young and energetic or perhaps they bring to the fore the fear of losing her mother that haunts every young child. Once again she feels the insecurity of parting from her mother- who has lost the blush of youth and middle age and in the twilight of her life has become as pale as lustreless as the winter moon.

Beset with sorrow at this knowledge and with the insecurity and pain of parting the poetess at the airport bids her old mother goodbye, smiling all the time in a vain attempt to hide her real feelings.

STUDY MATERIAL – QUESTION BANK
CLASS XII – ENGLISH

MY MOTHER AT SIXTY SIX
IMPORTANT STANZAS FOR COMPREHENSION

Read the stanzas given below and answer the questions that follow each:

1. Driving from my parent’s home to Cochin last Friday morning, I saw my mother,  beside me,  doze,  open mouthed,  her face ashen like that  of a corpse and realized with pain that she was as  old as she looked but soon put that thought away,  and looked out at young trees sprinting,  the merry children spilling out of their homes,

Questions:
A. Where was the poet driving to?
B. What did she notice while her mother sat beside her?
C. Why was her mother’s face like that of a corpse?
D. What did the poet do then?
E. Find words from the passage which mean:

i) felt
ii) sleep lightly
iii) dead body but after the airport’s security check, standing a few yards away, I looked again at her wan, pale as a late winter’s moon and felt that old familiar ache, my childhood’s fear, but all said was, see you soon, Amma, all I did was smile and smile…..

A) How were the young trees sprinting?
B) What did she see the children doing?
C) What is her childhood’s fear?

Short Answer Type Questions:
1. Where is the poet going and who is with her?
2. How does the poet’s mother look like? What kind of images has the poet used to signify her ageing decay?
3. Why does the poet ‘put that thought away’ and looks outside?
4. What does the poet see happening outside?
5. Describe the contrast of the scene inside the car with the activities going on outside. Describe the use of images that the poet employs to strike that contrast.
6. What does the poet do after the security check-up? What does she notice?
7. Why does the poet feel her old familiar ache and what is her childhood fear?
8. With fear and ache inside her heart and words of assurance on lips and smile on the face, the poet presents two opposite and contrasting experiences? Why does the poet put on a smile?
9. Describe the poetic devices used by Kamala Das in ‘My Mother at Sixty Six’.

Chapter-1-THE THIRD LEVEL
By Jack Finney

Main Theme:
Charley, a thirty-one year old having worked late one night enters Grand Central Station from Vanderbilt avenue, with the aim of boarding a train home. As the station is large consisting of various corridors and two levels catering for different trains, he loses his way.He finds himself in what he thinks is the third level of the station. He realizes that something is different there as the people are dressed differently and the area is lit not with the electric lights of the modern times but with open gas fires. He suddenly makes the discovery that he has somehow entered the yea

Subjects: 
Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Informatics Practices : Chapter - IV (Transactions, Procedures and Functions)

Chapter – III

Transactions, Procedures and Functions

(Informatics Practices)


A transaction is a sequence of SQL statements to accomplish a single task.

Example: Transfer funds between bank accounts.
    -- assume source_acct, dest_acct, amount,
    -- and source_balance are defined
BEGIN
    SELECT balance INTO source_balance
    FROM Accounts WHERE acct# = source_acct;
    -- check whether sufficient funds
    UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance-amount
    WHERE acct# = source_acct;
    UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance+amount
    WHERE acct# = dest_acct;
    COMMIT;
END;

Oracle treats such a sequence as an indivisible unit, to ensure that database is left in a consistent state.

  • PL/SQL gives fine-grained control over progress of transaction.

  • This also gives responsibility to ensure that transaction completes ok.

  • The first SQL statement begins a transaction.

  • COMMIT forces any changes made to be written to database.

  • ROLLBACK restores database to state at start of transaction.

  • Both COMMIT and ROLLBACK finish the transaction.


Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Informatics Practices : Chapter - III (Tables And Exception Propagation)

Chapter – II

Tables And Exception Propagation

(Informatics Practices)


PL/SQl TABLEs combine characteristics of SQL tables and C/Pascal arrays.
Like SQL tables:

  • consist of records (must have a numeric primary key)
  • can grow/shrink as elements are added/removed

Exceptions

An exception is an unusual/erroneous condition encountered during execution:

  • system error (e.g. "out of memory")
  • error caused by user program
  • warning issued by application

PL/SQL's exception handling allows these to be handled "cleanly" in a central place.

Syntax for exception handlers:
     BEGIN
          ... Statements ...


Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Informatics Practices : Chapter - II (Iteration And Cursors)

Chapter – II

Iteration And Cursors

(Informatics Practices)


A cursor is a variable that can be used to access the result of a particular SQL query.

Cursors can move sequentially from row to row (cf. file pointers in C).

Every SQL query statement in PL/SQL has an implicit cursor.
It is also possible to declare and manipulate cursors explicitly:
    DECLARE
         CURSOR e IS
        SELECT * FROM Employees
        WHERE salary > 30000.00;
BEGIN

Cursors provide flexibility in processing rows of a query.
Simplest way to deal with a cursor is to loop over all rows using a FOR loop:
    DECLARE
        CURSOR e IS
        SELECT * FROM Employees
        WHERE salary > 30000.00;
    total INTEGER := 0;..................


Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Informatics Practices : Chapter - I (PL-SQL)

Chapter – I

PL/SQL

(Informatics Practices)


PL/SQL = Procedural Language extensions to SQL
An Oracle-specific language combining features of:

  • modern, block-structured programming language
  • database interaction via SQL

Designed to overcome declarative SQL's inability to specify control aspects of DB interaction.

Used to add procedural capabilities to Oracle tools.

PL/SQL is implemented via a PL/SQL engine (cf. JVM)

  • which can be embedded in clients (e.g. Forms, SQL*Plus)
  • which is also usually available in the Oracle server ..............

Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Business Studies : Chapter - XI (B : Consumer Protection)

Chapter – XI

(B) Consumer Protection
(6 Marks) – 100 words


2-3 marks Q should not exceed 30-40 words
4-5 marks Q should not exceed 60-80 words
6 marks Q should not exceed 100 words

Consumer Protection (2+4 = 6 marks)

(a) The rationale of consumer protection – concept, aspect and need

(b) Importance of Consumer Protection

Subjects: 
Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Business Studies : Chapter - XI (A : Consumer Protection)

Chapter – XI

(A) Consumer Protection
(6 Marks) – 100 words


2 questions of 6 marks come as choice

Giving any 6 points, explain the IMPORTANCE for consumer protection?

Business is a means of human welfare:

  • Business serves the customer and therefore it is a means and not an end in itself.
  • It is in the interest of both the consumer and the businessman to ensure that the business is run well because ignoring the interest of the consumer may be a sure death of the business.

Growth with social justice:

  • We are a secular country and growth with social justice is the cornerstone of our economic philosophy.
  • Exploitation of consumers is against the directive principles of State Policy laid down in our Indian Constitution.....................

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Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Business Studies : Chapter - X (Capital Market)

Chapter – X

Capital Market
(4+ 4 = 8 Marks) 60-80 words


What is meant by capital market? Describe its nature. – 4 marks

  • It is a market where all organizations, financial institutions and instruments provide long and medium term funds to the business sector.
  • The two major components of capital market are
    • Primary (new issue market)
    • Secondary market (stock exchange).

The nature of capital market can be understood from the following points:

  • It acts a link between savers and borrowers who need funds to invest profitably and efficiently.
  • It helps firms to procure finances for long-term investments such as buying plant & machinery, building, etc.
  • It obtains its funds through issue of various securities such as equity shares, bonds, debentures and innovative securities like zero interest bonds and deep discount bonds.
  • It functions thru’ various intermediaries such as underwriters, bankers, stock brokers, etc.
  • It includes both individual investors and institutional investors such as UTI, LIC, IDBI, etc

State any four PROTECTIVE functions of SEBI? (What is insider trading)?....................


Subjects: 
Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Business Studies : Chapter - IX (Financial Management)

Chapter – IX

Financial Management
(5+5 = 10 Marks) 60-80 words


State 5 factors that determine/affect the CAPITAL STRUCTURE of a company? (very important)

Financial leverage:

The financial manager should carefully examine how the use of the proposed financing mix will affect the risk and returns of the owners.

The financial leverage used by the company will depend on the amount of risk the company would like to take.

Flexibility:

The capital structure of the company should be flexible enough to -

Adapt to changing conditions whenever required.

  • Raise additional funds without undue delay and cost..................

Subjects: 
Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Business Studies : Chapter - VIII (Controlling)

Chapter – VIII

Controlling (5 marks)


“Control without its process is a meaningless exercise”. Explain this statement

Or

“Comparing the actual performance with laid standards, finding out the deviations and taking corrective action is an important process of a management function” name and explain this PROCESS.- 5 marks (Ans: Controlling process)...........


Subjects: 
Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Business Studies : Chapter - VII (Directing)

Chapter – VII

Directing
(2+3+3=8 marks)

::: VERY IMPORTANT :::


2 and 3 marks which should not exceed (30-40 words)

DIRECTING:

Define “Direction” as a function of management? – 2 marks (Important)

  • Directing consists of supervision, motivation, leadership & communication (SMCL)
  • It involves issuing orders and instructions by managers to subordinates
  • Guiding and inspiring them
  • Supervising their affairs
  • Leading and motivating them to efficiently achieve the desired goals of the organisation.

Write two elements of directing? – 2 marks

Answer: give definitions of any two elements viz. supervision, motivation and leadership and communication

Enumerate any two FEATURES of directing? .................


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Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Business Studies : Chapter - VI (Staffing)

Chapter – VI

Staffing (10 marks)


2-3 marks Q should not exceed 30-40 words
4-5 marks Q should not exceed 60-80 words
6 marks Q should not exceed 100 words

Staffing Syllabus (one 6 marks question comes as a choice and one 4 marks question comes on wage and time piece system) 6+4=10 marks

Define staffing as a function of management? (DASTOD)

  • Staffing is the process of determining the manpower needed to meet the objectives of the organisation.
  • Apprising and selecting candidates to fill these requirements; and
  • Training, orienting and developing (TOD) new and existing staff.

Explain briefly 6 steps in the STAFFING PROCESS ?–6 mks

(maintain the sequence. 2 marks will be deducted if sequence is not maintained)

Following are the important steps involved in the staffing process:

Manpower planning:

  • Man power planning tries to assess manpower requirements in advance keeping the production schedules, market fluctuations, demand forecasts, etc. in the background.
  • The focus of manpower planning is to get the right number of qualified people at the right time.
  • Manpower requirements are estimated through job analysis...............

Subjects: 
Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Business Studies : Chapter - V (Organising)

Chapter – V

Organising
(4+ 3+3 or 6 or 6 = 10 marks)


Define “Organising” and enumerate 3 steps involved in the process of organising?

  • Organising means identifying and grouping various activities into jobs and then sub grouping these jobs into sections and departments.
  • It is bringing together financial, physical & human resources and establishing productive relations among them for achieving specific goals.

The organising process involves the following steps:

Division of work:

1st step – divide the work since one individual cannot do the entire work. If work is divided it leads to specialisation of work and skill.

Grouping Jobs and Departmentation:

  • The 2nd step is to group similar jobs into departments, divisions or sections such as marketing, financing, manufacturing, etc.
  • This brings about coordination and facilitates unity of effort.
  • The departments so created are linked together on the basis of their interdependence.

Establishing authority relationships:

  • 3rd step is to create an authority structure among various job holders
  • This links the various job holders by authority-responsibility relationship............

Subjects: 
Exam / Class: 

(E-Book) Class XII Business Studies : Chapter - IV (Planing)

Chapter – IV

Planing
(6-marks)


Define Planning? – 1 mark (part of the question)

Planning means

  • making decisions with regards to goals to be achieved and
  • the methods to be adopted to achieve those goals.

Explain briefly 6 steps in PLANNING PROCESS OR in FORMULATION OF A PLAN – 6

DCDCFPF : the steps should be answered in sequence

  1. Defining objectives
    1st step-of the management is to develop a plan and set some clear and specific objectives, which should stipulate the areas where organized planning must occur.
  2. Choosing alternatives:
    2nd step - the manager should ascertain as many available alternatives as possible for reaching those objectives and he should explore all those alternatives without going into the merits and demerits of those alternatives.
  3. Developing planning premises:
    3rd step - the manager should list all the premises (assumptions) for each alternative and then determine the feasibility of using any one alternative to reach its objectives.
  4. Choosing the best alternative:
    4th step - the manager should evaluate all the alternatives + the premises on which the alternatives are based so that the unreasonable alternatives can be eliminated from further consideration and the best alternative can be decided to achieve the objectives of the organization.
  5. Forming supportive (derivative) plans: (Explain the meaning of supporting plans with the help of a suitable example?
    After forming the main plan, secondary plans are derived in order to support and expedite the achievement of the main plan. These secondary plans are known as derivative or supportive plans.
    For example – once the production plan is prepared, secondary plan would be to buy equipment, raw material, recruit and train staff, develop new product, etc. These derivative plans are formed on the basis of the main plan and therefore support it.
  6. Putting the plan into action:
    Once plans are developed, they are ready to be put into action. The organization does not benefit from the planning process until this step is carried out.
    For example – if the firm decides to promote sales through advertising, then the company should engage an advertising agency to go ahead with the advertising otherwise the company will not achieve its desired results.
  7. Following up:
    Once the plan is put into action, it should be monitored because in the course of implementing the plan, many adjustments may be required in order to achieve the given objective.
    NOTE: if any additional correct point is added at any relevant stage without violating the sequence, full credit should be given. If sequence is not maintained, 2 marks are deducted...............

Subjects: 
Exam / Class: 

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