CHEMISTRY

Syllabus CBSE Class 12th
Chemistry
Unit I: Solid State (Periods 12)
Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic,
covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary
idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation
of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of
atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic
properties. Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and
n & p type semiconductors.
Unit II: Solutions (Periods 12)
Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in
liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties
- relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult's law, elevation of boiling
point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of
molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, van't
Hoff factor.
Unit III: Electrochemistry (Periods 14)
Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar
conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's Law,
electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell - lectrolytic
cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode
potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation
between Gibbs energy change and emf of a cell, fuel cells, corrosion.
Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics (Periods 12)
Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of
reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a
reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and
half life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory
(elementary idea, no mathematical treatment). Activation energy, Arrhenious
equation.
Unit V: Surface Chemistry (Periods 8)
Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of
gases on solids, catalysis, homogenous and heterogenous activity and
selectivity; enzyme catalysis colloidal state distinction between true
solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic , lyophobic multimolecular and
macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian
movement, electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsion - types of emulsions.
Unit VI : General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements (Periods
8)
Principles and methods of extraction - concentration, oxidation, reduction -
electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of
aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.
Unit VII: p -Block Elements (Periods 14)
Group -15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration,
occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties;
nitrogen preparation properties & uses ; compounds of nitrogen, preparation and
properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (Structure only) ;
Phosphorus - allotropic forms, compounds of phosphorus: preparation and
properties of phosphine, halides PCl3 , PCl5 and oxoacids (elementary idea
only). Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration,
oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical
properties,dioxygen: Preparation, Properties and uses, classification of oxides,
Ozone, Sulphure -allotropic forms; compounds of sulphure: Preparation properties
and uses of sulphur-dioxide, sulphuric acid: industrial process of manufacture,
properties and uses; oxoacids of sulphur (Structures only). Group 17 Elements:
General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,
trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation
properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds,
oxoacids of halogens (structures only). Group 18 Elements: General introduction,
electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical
properties, uses.
Unit VIII: d and f Block Elements (Periods 14)
General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and
characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first
row transition metals - metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation
states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties,
interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7
and KMnO4. Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical
reactvity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences. Actinoids -
Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.