CBSE Class-12 Syllabus 2019-20 (Economics)

Rationale

Economics is one of the social sciences, which has great influence on every human being. As economic life and the economy go through changes, the need to ground education in children’s own experience becomes essential. While doing so, it is imperative to provide them opportunities to acquire analytical skills to observe and understand the economic realities.
At senior secondary stage, the learners are in a position to understand abstract ideas, exercise the power of thinking and to develop their own perception. It is at this stage, the learners are exposed to the rigour of the discipline of economics in a systematic way.
The economics courses are introduced in such a way that in the initial stage, the learners are introduced to the economic realities that the nation is facing today along with some basic statistical tools to understand these broader economic realities. In the later stage, the learners are introduced to economics as a theory of abstraction.
The economics courses also contain many projects and activities. These will provide opportunities for the learners to explore various economic issues both from their day-to-day life and also from issues, which are broader and invisible in nature. The academic skills that they learn in these courses would help to develop the projects and activities. The syllabus is also expected to provide opportunities to use information and communication technologies to facilitate their learning process.

Objectives:

• Understanding of some basic economic concepts and development of economic reasoning which the learners can apply in their day-to-day life as citizens, workers and consumers.
• Realisation of learners’ role in nation building and sensitivity to the economic issues that the nation is facing today.
• Equipment with basic tools of economics and statistics to analyse economic issues. This is pertinent for even those who may not pursue this course beyond senior secondary stage.
• Development of understanding that there can be more than one view on any economic issue and necessary skills to argue logically with reasoning.

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CBSE Class-11 Syllabus 2019-20 (Economics)

Rationale :

Economics is one of the social sciences, which has great influence on every human being. As economic life and the economy go through changes, the need to ground education in children’s own experience becomes essential. While doing so, it is imperative to provide them opportunities to acquire analytical skills to observe and understand the economic realities.
At senior secondary stage, the learners are in a position to understand abstract ideas, exercise the power of thinking and to develop their own perception. It is at this stage, the learners are exposed to the rigour of the discipline of economics in a systematic way. 
The economics courses are introduced in such a way that in the initial stage, the learners are introduced to the economic realities that the nation is facing today along with some basic statistical tools to understand these broader economic realities. In the later stage, the learners are introduced to economics as a theory of abstraction.
The economics courses also contain many projects and activities. These will provide opportunities for the learners to explore various economic issues both from their day-to-day life and also from issues, which are broader and invisible in nature. The academic skills that they learn in these courses would help to develop the projects and activities. The syllabus is also expected to provide opportunities to use information and communication technologies to facilitate their learning process.

Objectives:

• Understanding of some basic economic concepts and development of economic reasoning which the learners can apply in their day-to-day life as citizens, workers and consumers.
• Realisation of learners’ role in nation building and sensitivity to the economic issues that the nation is facing today.
• Equipment with basic tools of economics and statistics to analyse economic issues. This is pertinent for even those who may not pursue this course beyond senior secondary stage.
• Development of understanding that there can be more than one view on any economic issue and necessary skills to argue logically with reasoning.

Cource Structure :

Part A: Introductory Microeconomics

Unit 1: Introduction 

Meaning of microeconomics and macroeconomics; positive and normative economics
What is an economy? Central problems of an economy: what, how and for whom to produce; concepts of production possibility frontier and opportunity cost.

Unit 2: Consumer's Equilibrium and Demand 

Consumer's equilibrium - meaning of utility, marginal utility, law of diminishing marginal utility, conditions of consumer's equilibrium using marginal utility analysis.
Indifference curve analysis of consumer's equilibrium-the consumer's budget (budget set and budget line), preferences of the consumer (indifference curve, indifference map) and conditions of consumer's equilibrium.
Demand, market demand, determinants of demand, demand schedule, demand curve and its slope, movement along and shifts in the demand curve; price elasticity of demand - factors affecting price elasticity of demand; measurement of price elasticity of demand – percentage-change method. 

Unit 3: Producer Behaviour and Supply 

Meaning of Production Function – Short-Run and Long-Run
Total Product, Average Product and Marginal Product. Returns to a Factor
Cost: Short run costs - total cost, total fixed cost, total variable cost; Average cost; Average fixed cost, average variable cost and marginal cost-meaning and their relationships.
Revenue - total, average and marginal revenue - meaning and their relationship.Producer's equilibrium-meaning and its conditions in terms of marginal revenue-marginal cost. Supply, market supply, determinants of supply, supply schedule, supply curve and its slope, movements along and shifts in supply curve, price elasticity of supply; measurement of price elasticity of supply - percentage-change method.

Unit 4: Forms of Market and Price Determination under Perfect Competition with simple applications. 

Perfect competition - Features; Determination of market equilibrium and effects of shifts in demand and supply.
Other Market Forms - monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly - their meaning and features.
Simple Applications of Demand and Supply: Price ceiling, price floor.

Part B: Statistics for Economics

In this course, the learners are expected to acquire skills in collection, organisation and presentation of quantitative and qualitative information pertaining to various simple economic aspects systematically. It also intends to provide some basic statistical tools to analyse, and interpret any economic information and draw appropriate inferences. In this process, the learners are also expected to understand the behaviour of various economic data.

Unit 1: Introduction 

What is Economics?
Meaning, scope, functions and importance of statistics in Economics

Unit 2: Collection, Organisation and Presentation of data

Collection of data - sources of data - primary and secondary; how basic data is collected, with concepts of Sampling; Sampling and Non-Sampling errors; methods of collecting data; some important sources of secondary data: Census of India and National Sample Survey Organisation.
Organisation of Data: Meaning and types of variables; Frequency Distribution.
Presentation of Data: Tabular Presentation and Diagrammatic Presentation of Data: (i) Geometric forms (bar diagrams and pie diagrams), (ii) Frequency diagrams (histogram, polygon and ogive) and (iii) Arithmetic line graphs (time series graph).

Unit 3: Statistical Tools and Interpretation 

(For all the numerical problems and solutions, the appropriate economic interpretation may be attempted. This means, the students need to solve the problems and provide interpretation for the results derived.)

Measures of Central Tendency- mean (simple and weighted), median and mode 
Measures of Dispersion - absolute dispersion (range, quartile deviation, mean deviation and standard deviation); relative dispersion (co-efficient of range, co-efficient of quartile-deviation, co-efficient of mean deviation, co-efficient of variation); Lorenz Curve: Meaning, construction and its application.
Correlation – meaning and properties, scatter diagram; Measures of correlation - Karl Pearson's method (two variables ungrouped data) Spearman's rank correlation. 

Introduction to Index Numbers - meaning, types - wholesale price index, consumer price index and index of industrial production, uses of index numbers; Inflation and index numbers

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CBSE Class-12 Syllabus 2019-20 (Informatics Practices)

Informatics Practices(New)
CLASS XII
Code No. 065

Optional for the academic year 2019-20 and mandatory for the academic year 2020-21 onwards

2. Learning Outcomes
1. Understand aggregation operations, descriptive statistics, and re-indexing columns in a DataFrame.
2. Apply functions row-wise and element-wise on a Data Frame.
3. Understand basic software engineering: models, activities, business use-case diagrams, and version control systems.
4. Connect a Python program with a SQL database, and learn aggregation functions in SQL.
5. Have a clear understanding of cyber ethics and cybercrime. Understand the value of technology in societies, gender and disability issues, and the technology behind biometric ids.

3. Distribution of Marks

4.1. Unit 1: Data Handling (DH-2) (80 Theory + 70 Practical)

4.1.1. Python Pandas

• Advanced operations on Data Frames: pivoting, sorting, and aggregation
• Descriptive statistics: min, max, mode, mean, count, sum, median, quartile, var
• Create a histogram, and quantiles.
• Function application: pipe, apply, aggregation (group by), transform, and apply map.
• Reindexing, and altering labels.

4.1.2. Numpy

• 1D array, 2D array
• Arrays: slices, joins, and subsets
• Arithmetic operations on 2D arrays
• Covariance, correlation and linear regression

4.1.3. Plotting with Pyplot

• Plot bar graphs, histograms, frequency polygons, box plots, and scatter plots.

4.2 Unit 2: Basic Software Engineering (BSE) (25 Theory + 10 Practical)

• Introduction to software engineering
• Software Processes: waterfall model, evolutionary model, and component based model
• Delivery models: incremental delivery, spiral delivery
• Process activities: specification, design/implementation, validation, evolution
• Agile methods: pair programming, and Scrum
• Business use-case diagrams
• Practical aspects: Version control system (GIT), and do case studies of software systems and build use-case diagrams

4.3. Unit 3: Data Management (DM-2) (20 Theory + 20 Practical)

• Write a minimal Django based web application that parses a GET and POST request, and writes the fields to a file – flat file and CSV file.
• Interface Python with an SQL database
• SQL commands: aggregation functions, having, group by, order by.

4.4. Unit 4: Society, Law and Ethics (SLE-2) (15 Theory)

• Intellectual property rights, plagiarism, digital rights management, and licensing (Creative Commons, GPL and Apache), open source, open data, privacy.
• Privacy laws, fraud; cybercrime- phishing, illegal downloads, child pornography, scams; cyber forensics, IT Act, 2000.
• Technology and society: understanding of societal issues and cultural changes induced by technology.
• E-waste management: proper disposal of used electronic gadgets.
• Identity theft, unique ids, and biometrics.
• Gender and disability issues while teaching and using computers.
• Role of new media in society: online campaigns, crowdsourcing, smart mobs
• Issues with the internet: internet as an echo chamber, net neutrality, internet addiction
• Case studies - Arab Spring, WikiLeaks, Bit coin

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CBSE Class-11 Syllabus 2019-20 (Informatics Practices)

Learning Outcomes

1. Ability to identify the functionality of various components of Computer System.
2. Ability to develop application using simple python.
3. Ability to use, develop & debug programs independently.
4. Ability to store and retrieve data using an RDBMS.
5. Ability to understand societal, legal and ethical aspect of technology.
6. Ability to ensure safety and security in cyber-space. 

Cource Structure :

Unit 1: Introduction of Computer System

Basic computer organisation: Computer system – I/O Devices, CPU, memory, hard disk, battery, power, transition from a calculator to a computer  and further to smart devices.
Trouble shooting with parts of computer and basic operations of operating system Basic concept of Data representation: Binary, ASCII, Unicode

Unit 2: Introduction Python Programming

Familiarization with the basic of Python programming: a simple "hello world" program,process of writing a program, running it, and print statements; simple data-types: integer, float, string. Introduce the notion of variable, and methods to manipulate it (concept of L-value and R-value even if not taught explicitly). Tokens - keywords,  identifiers, Literals, Delimiters. Knowledge of data type and operators: accepting input from the console, assignment statement, expressions, operators (assignment, arithmetic, relational and logical) and their precedence.

Conditional statements: if, if-else, if-elif-else; simple programs: e.g.: absolute value,sort 3 numbers, divisibility.

Notion of iterative computation and control flow: for ( range() , len()), while, flowcharts.

Suggested programs: finding average and grade for given marks, amount calculation for given cost-qty-discount, perimeter-wise/ area-wise cost calculation, interest calculation, profit-loss, EMI, tax calculation (example from GST/Income Tax).

List and dictionary: finding the maximum, minimum, mean; linear search on a list of numbers, and counting the frequency of elements in a list using a dictionary. 

Text handling: compare, concat, and substring operations (without using string module).

Introduction to Python modules: importing math (sqrt, ceil, floor, pow, fabs), random (random, randint, randrange), statistics (mean, median) modules. 

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CBSE Class-12 Syllabus 2019-20 (Computer Science)

Computer Science(New)
CLASS-XII
Code No. 083

Optional for the academic year 2019-20 and mandatory for the academic year 2020-21 onwards
1. Prerequisites
Computer Science- Class XI
2. Learning Outcomes

1. Understand the concept of functions and recursion.
2. Learn how to create and use Python libraries.
3. Learn file handling.
4. Learn about the concept of efficiency in algorithms and computing in general.
5. Learn basic data structures: lists, stacks, and queues.
6. Get a basic understanding of computer networks: network stack, basic network hardware, basic protocols, and basic tools.
7. Connect a Python program with an SQL database, and learn aggregation functions in SQL.
8. Have a clear understanding of cyber ethics and cybercrime. Understand the value of technology in societies, gender and disability issues, and the technology behind biometric ids.

3. Distribution of Marks

4.1 Unit 1: Programming and Computational Thinking (PCT-2) (80 Theory + 70 Practical)

• Revision of the basics of Python
• Functions: scope, parameter passing, mutable/immutable properties of data objects, pass arrays to functions, return values, functions using libraries: mathematical, and string functions.
• File handling: open and close a file, read, write, and append to a file, standard input, output, and error streams, relative and absolute paths.
• Using Python libraries: create and import Python libraries
• Recursion: simple algorithms with recursion: factorial, Fibonacci numbers; recursion on arrays: binary search
• Idea of efficiency: performance defined as inversely proportional to the wall clock time, count the number of operations a piece of code is performing, and measure the time taken by a program. Example: take two different programs for the same problem, and understand how the efficient one takes less time.
• Data visualization using Pyplot: line chart, pie chart, and bar chart.
• Data-structures: lists, stacks, queues.

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CBSE Class-11 Syllabus 2019-20 (Computer Science)

Learning Outcomes:

1. Ability to understand basic computational thinking.
2. Ability to understandthe notion of data types, data structures.
3. Ability to appreciate the notion of an algorithm, and understand its structure,including how algorithms handle corner cases.
4. Ability to develop a basic understanding of computer systems - architecture,
OS, mobile and cloud computing.
5. Ability to learn basic SQL programming.
6. Ability to learn all about cyber safety.

Distribution of Marks and Periods: 

Unit 1: Computer Systems and Organisation

• Basic computer organisation: description of a computer system and mobile system, CPU, memory, hard disk, I/O, battery.
• Types of software: application, System, utility.
• Memory Units: bit, byte, MB, GB, TB, and PB.
• Boolean logic: OR, AND, NAND, NOR, XOR, NOT, truth tables, De Morgan’s laws
• Information representation: numbers in base 2, 8, 16, binary addition
• Strings: ASCII, UTF8, UTF32, ISCII (Indian script code), Unicode
• Basic concepts of Flowchart
• Concept of Compiler & Interpreter
• Running a program: Notion of an operating system, how an operating system runs a program, idea of loading, operating system as a resource manager.
• Concept of cloud computing, cloud (public/private), introduction to parallel computing. 

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CBSE Class-12 Syllabus 2019-20 (Home Science)

HOME SCIENCE (Code No. 064)
CLASS XII (2019 –20)
COURSE STRUCTURE (THEORY)

One Paper (Theory) : 70 Marks
Time: 3 Hours : Periods: 220

Unit I: Human Development: Life Span Approach (Part II) ; 40 Periods

A. Adolescence (12 – 18 years)
(i) Growth & Development – Domains and principles.
(ii) Meaning, characteristics and needs.
(iii) Influences on identity formation

(a) Biological and Physical changes-early and late matures. (Role of heredity and environment)
(b) by social, culture and media.
(c) Emotional changes.
(d) Cognitive changes.

(iv) Specific issues and concerns

(a) Eating disorders-Causes, consequences and management – Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia.
(b) Depression
(c) Substance Abuse
(d) Related to sex
(e) Handling stress and peer pressure

B. Adulthood:
(i) Young & middle adulthood: Understanding and management of new responsibilities, carrier marriage and family.
(ii) Late Adulthood/Old age:

(a) Health and Wellness: physical, social, emotional, financial, recreational needs
(b) Care for elderly (at home and outside – old age home)
(c) Anger management

Unit II: Nutrition for Self, Family and Community ; 40 Periods

(a) Meal Planning: Meaning and importance, principles and factors affecting meal planning;
Nutritional needs, food preferences and modifications of diets in different age groups: infants,
children, adolescence, adults, elderly and in special conditions: pregnancy and lactation (including
traditional foods given in these conditions)

(i) Use of basic food groups (ICMR) and serving size in meal planning
(ii) Factors influencing selection of food: culture, family food practices, media, peer group, availability of foods, purchasing power, individual preference & health.

(b) Food safety and quality:

(i) Safe food handling (personal, storage, kitchen, cooking and serving).
(ii) Safety guards against food adulteration, definition and meaning of food adulteration as given by FSSAI (Food Safety and Standard Authority of India).
(iii) Common adulterants present in cereals, pulses, milk and milk products, fats and oils, sugar, jaggery, honey, spices and condiments.

(iv) Effects of some of the adulterants present in the foods: kesari dal, metanil yellow, argemone seeds.
(v) Food standards (FPO, Agmark, ISI).

(c) Therapeutic modification of normal diet with respect to consistency, frequency, foodstuffs, nutrients and methods of cooking.
(d) Modification of diet according to common ailments: diarrhoea, fever, jaundice, hypertension, diabetes and constipation. Physiological changes, clinical symptoms, requirements and dietary requirements in each condition.

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CBSE Class-11 Syllabus 2019-20 (Home Science)

The purpose of Home science is the creation of an environment and outlook to enable learner to live a richer and more purposeful life. The subject integrates the application of various sciences and humanities to improve human environment, family nutrition, management of resources and child development.

Objectives :

The Home Science curriculum at senior secondary level has been framed to enable the learners to:

1. Develop an understanding of the self in relation to family and society.
2. Understand one’s role and responsibilities as a productive individual and as a member of one’s family, community and society.
3. Integrate learning across diverse domains and form linkages with other academic subjects.
4. Develop sensitivity and undertake a critical analysis of issues and concerns of equity and diversity.
5. Appreciate the discipline of Home Science (HEFS) for professional careers.
6. Acquaint learners with the basics of human development with specific reference to self and child.
7. Develop skills of judicious management of various resources.
8. Enable learners to become alert and aware consumers.
9. Impart Knowledge of nutrition and lifestyles to enable prevention and management of diseases.
10. Inculcate healthy food habits.
11. Develop understanding of textiles for selection and care of clothes.

Unit I: Understanding oneself: Adolescence

Ch- 1 Understanding the self 22(4+6+6+6) Marks
A. ‘Who am I’? 4 Marks
B. Development and Characteristics of the self
C. Influences on identity

• Biological and physical changes
• Socio-cultural contexts
• Emotional changes
• Cognitive changes

Ch-2 Food, nutrition, health and fitness 6 Marks

• Balanced Diet
• Food Groups
• Diet for Adolescent
• Factors influencing eating behaviours, Eating disorders.

Ch-3 Management of resources - time, money, energy and space- 6 Marks

• Human and Non-human Resources
• Managing Resources

Ch-4 Fabric around us- 6 Marks

• Classification
• Yarn Processing
• Fabric Production
• Textile Finishing
• Properties of Fibres

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CBSE Class-10 Syllabus 2019-20 (Elements of Book-Keeping And Accountancy)

Syllabus :

Objective : The main objective of this paper is to enable the students to understand the fundamental principles and develop skills of preparing and maintaining simple books of accounts from given details.

One Paper               3 Hours                        70 Marks                        210 Periods

Unit 1 : Capital and Revenue                    25 Periods                           08 Marks

Unit 2 : Depreciation                                  35 Periods                             12 Marks

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CBSE Class-9 Syllabus 2019-20 (Elements of Book-Keeping And Accountancy)

Objective : The main objective of this paper is to enable the students to understand the fundamental principles and to develop skills of preparing and maintaining simple books of accounts from given details..

One Paper                   3 Hours                                                                                       70 Marks    210 Periods

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CBSE Class-10 Syllabus 2019-20 (Elements of Business)

ELEMENTS OF BUSINESS (154)
CLASS-X (2019-20)

100 Marks                                                3 Hours
Theory: 70 Marks                                     Practical/ Project: 30 Marks

GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL
Project/ chart should be brief and should be of 20-30 pages, preferably handwritten.
The project will be evaluated on the following parameters:

• Prepare a chart / Project on any one topic from syllabus (20 Marks)
• Viva (10 Marks)

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CBSE Class-9 Syllabus 2019-20 (Elements of Business)

(I) ELEMENTS OF BUSINESS (CODE NO. 154)
(2019-20)

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to provide elementary knowledge of the different aspects of business.

CLASS-IX

Marks: 100 ; 3 Hours
Theory: 70 Marks                                   Practical/ Project: 30 Marks

UNIT – I: Fundamentals of Business Activities
(a) Characteristics of Business Activities
(b) Business as an Activity – How it is different from
(i) Profession (ii) Employment
(c) Business includes vocation – characteristics of vocational activities
(d) Business as an economic activity
(i) Profit orientation
(e) Factors affecting business
(i) Economic (ii) Social (iii) Political

UNIT – II: Operative Activities in Business
(a) Industries – concept
(b) Commerce – concept
(c) Industries
(i) Characteristics (ii) Types & Nature (iii) Manufacturing
(iv) Capital Intensive (v) Labour Intensive
(d) Commerce
(i) Banking (ii) Insurance (iii) Transportation
(iv) E-Commerce (v) M-Commerce (vi) Trade
(vii) Other Services

UNIT – III: Steps Involved in Establishing Business
(a) Nature & forms of Business Organization
(b) Sole Proprietorship
(c) Partnership

UNIT – IV: Fundamental Areas of Business
(a) Production
(b) Finance
(c) Marketing
(d) Human Resources

GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICAL
Project/ chart should be brief and should be of 20-30 pages, preferably handwritten.
The project will be evaluated on the following parameters:

• Prepare a chart / Project on any one topic from syllabus (20 Marks)
• Viva (10 Marks)

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CBSE Class-10 Syllabus 2019-20 (Computer Applications)

Learning Outcomes

1. Ability to create a simple website
2. Ability to embed images, audio and video in an HTML page
3. Ability to use style sheets to beautify the web pages.
4. Ability to write iterative programs with Scratch/Python.
5. Ability to Interface a web site with a web server and record the details of a user's request.
6. Ability to follow basic cyber ethics
7. Ability to familiarize with network concepts.

Unit 1: Networking

• Internet: World Wide Web, web servers, web clients, web sites, web pages,web browsers, blogs, news groups, HTML, web address, e-mail address, downloading and uploading files from a remote site. Internet protocols: TCP/IP,SMTP, POP3, HTTP, HTTPS. Remote login and file transfer protocols: SSH, SFTP, FTP, SCP, TELNET, SMTP, TCP/IP.
• Services available on the internet: information retrieval, locating sites using search engines and finding people on the net;
• Web services: chat, email, video conferencing, e-Learning, e-Banking, eShopping, e-Reservation, e-Governance, e-Groups, social networking.
• Mobile technologies: SMS, MMS, 3G, 4G.

Unit 2: HTML

• Introduction to web page designing using HTML: create and save an HTML document, access a web page using a web browser.
• HTML tags: html, head, title, body, (attributes: text, background, bgcolor, link, vlink, alink), br (break), hr(horizontal rule), inserting comments, h1..h6 (heading), p (paragraph), b (bold), i (italics), u (underline), ul (unordered list), ol (ordered list), and li (list item). Description lists: dl, dt and dd. Attributes of ol (start, type), ul (type). 
• Font tags (attributes: face, size, color). 
• Insert images: img (attributes: src, width, height, alt), sup (super script), sub (subscript).
• HTML Forms: Textbox, radio buttons, checkbox, password, list, combobox.
• Embed audio and video in a HTML page.
• Create a table using the tags: table, tr, th, td, rowspan, colspan
• Links: significance of linking, anchor element (attributes: href, mailto), targets.
• Cascading style sheets: colour, background-colour, border-style, margin, height, width, outline, font (family, style, size), align, float.

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CBSE Class-9 Syllabus 2019-20 (Computer Applications)

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
CLASS IX
(Code No.165)
Effective from the session 2019-20

Learning Outcomes
1. Ability to familiarise with basics of computers.
2. Ability to navigate the file system.
3. Ability to create and edit documents, spread sheets, and presentations.
4. Ability to perform basic data manipulation using spread sheets and use Indian languages in documents.
5. Ability to send and receive emails, follow email etiquette, and communicate over the internet.
6. Ability to create and upload videos.
7. Ability to safely and correctly use websites, social networks, chat sites, and email. 

Distribution of Marks and Periods

4.1. Unit 1: Basics of Information Technology

• Familiarity with the basics of computers: design of computers, and overview of communication technologies
• Computer Systems: characteristics of a computer, components of a computer system – CPU, memory, storage devices and I/O devices
• Memory: primary (RAM and ROM) and secondary memory
• Storage devices: hard disk, CD ROM, DVD, pen/flash drive, memory stick
• I/O devices: keyboard, mouse, monitor, printer, scanner, web camera
• Types of software: system software (operating systems), application software, mobile applications
• Operating systems: kernel, device drivers, and file systems (very basic idea)
• Computer networking: wired/wireless communication, common protocols: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, cloud computers (private/public)
• Multimedia: images, audio, video, animation
• Chat sites, and social networks.

4.2. Unit 2: Cyber-safety

• Safely browsing the web and using social networks: identity protection, proper usage of passwords, privacy, confidentiality of information, cyber stalking, reporting cybercrimes
• Safely accessing websites: viruses and malware

4.3. Unit 3: Office tools

• Introduction to a word processor: create and save a document.
• Edit and format text: text style (B, I, U), font type, font size, text colour, alignment of text. Format paragraphs with line and/or paragraph spacing. Add headers and footers, numbering pages, grammar and spell check utilities, subscript and superscript, insert symbols, use print preview, and print a document.
• Insert pictures, change the page setting, add bullets and numbering, borders and shading, and insert tables – insert/delete rows and columns, merge and split cells.
• Use auto-format, track changes, review comments, use of drawing tools, shapes and mathematical symbols.
• Presentation tool: understand the concept of slide shows, basic elements of a slide, different types of slide layouts, create and save a presentation, and learn about the different views of a slide set – normal view, slide sorter view and hand-outs.
• Edit and format a slide: add titles, subtitles, text, background, and watermark, headers and footers, and slide numbers.
• Insert pictures from files, create animations, add sound effects, and rehearse timings.
• Spreadsheets: concept of a worksheet and a workbook, create and save a worksheet.
• Working with a spreadsheet: enter numbers, text, date/time, series using auto fill; edit and format a worksheet including changing the colour, size, font, alignment of text; insert and delete cells, rows and columns. Enter a formula using the operators (+,-,*, /), refer to cells, and print a worksheet.
• Use simple statistical functions: SUM (), AVERAGE (), MAX (), MIN (), IF () (without compound statements); embed charts of various types: line, pie, scatter, bar and area in a worksheet.

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CBSE Class-12 Syllabus 2019-20 (Engineering Graphics)

The subject of 'Engineering Graphics' has become an indispensable tool for Engineers, Technocrats, Architects, Draftsmen, Surveyors, Designers and many other professionals in the recent times. Understanding of its fundamental principles and wider applications of the same in the above fields and many other daily life situations form the basis for the syllabus at Senior Secondary Stage.

Objectives:

The study of the subject of Engineering Graphics at Senior School Level aims at helping the learner to:
• develop clear concept and perception of form, proportion and application.
• develop the skill of expressing three-dimensional and two-dimensional objects into professional language and vice versa.
• acquire the ability to readily draw neat sketches, often needed in "On -job situations".
• develop a clear understanding of plane and solid Geometry and machine drawing so as to apply the same in relevant practical fields such as technology and industry.
• acquire speed and accuracy in use of drawing instruments.
• use technology (CAD) in developing isometric and orthographic projections of simple objects

CLASS-XII (2019-20)
(Theory)

One Paper: 3 Hours ; 70 Marks

Unit I: Isometric Projection of Solids : 50 Periods
(i) Construction of isometric scale showing main divisions of 10mm and smaller divisions of1mm, also showing the leading angles. Drawing helping view/s such as triangles, pentagon, hexagon, etc., using isometric scale.
(ii) Isometric projection (drawn to isometric scale) of solids such as cube, regular prism and pyramids (triangular, square, pentagonal and hexagonal), cone, cylinder, sphere, hemi- sphere, frustum of right regular pyramids (triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal) and cone, when they are cut by a plane parallel to the base. The axis and the base side of the solid should be either perpendicular to HP / VP or parallel to HP and VP. (Indicate the direction of viewing)
(iii) Combination of two solids (except "frustum" of Pyramids and Cone) Keeping the base side parallel or perpendicular to HP/VP and placed centrally together, axis of both the solids should not be given parallel to HP.

Note: (1) Question on frustum will be asked in vertical position only.
(2) Hidden lines are not required in isometric projection.

Unit II: Machine Drawing (as per SP46: 2003) : 118 Periods
A. Drawing of machine parts 36 Periods
(i) Drawing to full size scale with instruments.
(Internal choice will be given between any two of the following).
Introduction of threads: Standard profiles of screw threads square, knuckle, B.S.W.,

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CBSE Class-11 Syllabus 2019-20 (Engineering Graphics)

The subject of 'Engineering Graphics' has become an indispensable tool for Engineers, Technocrats, Architects, Draftsmen, Surveyors, Designers and many other professionals in the recent times. Understanding of its fundamental principles and wider applications of the same in the above fields and many other daily life situations form the basis for the syllabus at Senior Secondary Stage.

Objectives:

• The studyofthesubjectofEngineeringGraphicsatSeniorSchoolLevelaimsathelpingthe learnerto:
• develop clear concept and perception of form, proportion andapplication.
• develop the skill of expressing three-dimensional and two-dimensional objects into professional language and vice versa.
• acquire the ability to readily draw neat sketches, often needed in "On-job situations".
• developaclearunderstanding ofplaneandsolidGeometryandmachinedrawing soas toapply the same in relevant practical fields such as technology andindustry.
• acquire speed and accuracy in use of drawinginstruments.
• use technology (CAD) in developing isometric and orthographic projections of simple objects.
   

Cource Structure :

Theory

PLANE GEOMETRY 
Printing English alphabets (capital and small) numerals in standard proportions.Unidirectional/aligned system of dimensioning as per SP: 46-2003 (Revised)

Unit 1: Construction of lines, angles and their divisions. Simple questions based on triangles, square, rhombus, trapeziums, regular polygons-pentagon, hexagon and octagon. 

Unit 2: Construction of circles, external and internal tangents of circles, inscribing, circumscribing circles in equilateral triangle, square, rhombus, regular polygons-pentagon, hexagon and octagon. 

Unit3: ConstructionofEngineeringcurves:
(a) Ellipse by concentric circles, intersecting arcs and intersecting lines.
(b) Parabola by intersecting lines and intersecting arcs.
(c) Involuteofacircle,cycloid,helixandsinecurve. 

SOLID GEOMETRY 

Unit 4: Methods of orthographic projections and dimensioning strictly as per SP: 46- 2003 revised conventions. Projectionofpoints,lines. 

Unit 5: Orthographic projections of Regular Plane figures - triangle, square, pentagon, hexagon, circle and semi-circle. 

Unit 6: Orthographic projections of right regular solids such as cubes, prisms and pyramid,(square, triangular, pentagonal and hexagonal), cones, cylinders, spheres, hemispheres and frustum of pyramids and cone when they are kept with their axis (a) perpendicular, to HP/VP (b) parallel to one plane and inclined to the other (c) parallel to HPandVP both. 

Unit 7: Section of solids under the same conditions mentioned above made by the horizontal, vertical and inclinedplanes. 

MACHINE DRAWING 

Unit 6: Orthographic projections of simple machine blocks.

Unit 7: Construction of isometric scale showing main divisions of 10 mm and smaller divisions of 1 mm each. Isometric projection (drawn to isometric scale) of figures such as triangles, squares, pentagons, hexagons, circles and
semi-circles with their surface parallel to HP or VP and its one side or diagonal or diameter should be either parallel or perpendicular to HP/VP. 

Unit 8: Development of the surfaces of following solids: 

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CBSE Class-12 Syllabus 2019-20 (Biotechnology)

An unprecedented growth of human knowledge in the field of Biological Sciences coupled with equally significant developments in the field of technology have brought significant changes into existing social and economic systems. The emerging field of Biotechnology is likely to further enhance the applications of Science and Technology in the service of human welfare. Modern Biotechnology processes encompass a wide range of new products such as antibiotics, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and many more. Furthermore, developments in recombinant DNA technology have yielded numerous new useful products in the fields of healthcare and agriculture. The present syllabus takes care of all these aspects. Due emphasis has been laid on familiarizing the learners with the fundamental concepts, basic techniques and their applications. It is expected that the knowledge gained through the study of different topics and the skills acquired through the prescribed practical work will make the learners competent to meet the challenges of academic as well as professional courses after studying the subject at senior secondary stage.

Objectives

• The broad objectives of teaching Biotechnology at senior secondary level are:
• To help the learners know and understand basic facts and concepts of the subject at elementary stage.
• To expose the students to different basic processes and basic techniques used in Biotechnology.
• To familiarize the learners to understand the relationship of the subject to health, nutrition,
• environment, agriculture and industry, etc.
• To develop conceptual competence in the learners so as to cope up with professional courses in future career.
• To acquaint students with different applications of Biotechnology in everyday life.
• To develop an interest in students to study biotechnology as a discipline.

CLASS XII (2019-20)

(THEORY)

COURSE STRUCTURE

One Paper

Max. Marks 70+30
Time: 3 hrs.

Unit-V Protein and Gene Manipulation : 40 Marks 100 Periods
Chapter-1: Recombinant DNA Technology

Introduction, Tool of rDNA technology, Making rDNA, Introduction of recombinant DNA into host cells, Identification of Recombinants, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Hybridization Techniques, DNA Library, DNA Sequencing, Site-directed Mutagenesis

Chapter-2: Protein Structure and Engineering
Introduction to the world of proteins, 3-D shape of proteins, Structure-Function Relationship in Proteins, Purification of Proteins, Characterization of Proteins, Protein Based Products, Designing Proteins (Protein Engineering)

Chapter-3: Genomics, Proteomics and Bioinformatics
Introduction, Genome, Sequencing Projects, Gene prediction and counting, Genome Similarity, SNPs and Comparative Genomics, Functional Genomics, Proteomics, History of Bioinformatics, Sequences and nomenclature, Information Sources, Analysis using Bioinformatics tools

Unit-VI Cell Culture and Genetic Manipulation 30 Marks 80 Periods
Chapter-1: Microbial Cell Culture and its Applications

Introduction, Microbial Nutrition and Culture Techniques, Measurement and Kinetics of Microbial Growth, Scale-up of Microbial Process, Isolation of Microbial Products, Strain Isolation and
Improvement, Applications of Microbial Culture Technology, Biosafety Issues in Microbial Technology

Chapter -2: Plant Cell Culture and Applications
Introduction, Cell and Tissue Culture Techniques, Applications of Cell and Tissue Culture, Gene Transfer Methods in Plants, Transgenic Plants with Beneficial Traits, Biosafety of Transgenic Plants

Chapter-3: Animal Cell Culture and Applications

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CBSE Class-11 Syllabus 2019-20 (Biotechnology)

An unprecedented growth of human knowledge in the field of Biological Sciences coupled with equally significant developments in the field of technology have brought significant changes into existing social and economic systems. The emerging field of Biotechnology is likely to further enhance the applications of Science and Technology in the service of human welfare. Modern Biotechnology processes encompass a wide range of new products such as antibiotics, vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and many more. Furthermore, developments in recombinant DNA technology have yielded numerous new useful products in the fields of healthcare and agriculture. The present syllabus takes care of all these aspects. Due emphasis has been laid on familiarizing the learners with the fundamental concepts, basic techniques and their applications. It is expected that the knowledge gained through the study of different topics and the skills acquired through the prescribed practical work will make the learners competent to meet the challenges of academic as well as professional courses after studying the subject at senior secondary stage.

Objectives :

• The broad objectives of teaching Biotechnology at senior secondary level are:
• To help the learners know and understand basic facts and concepts of the subject at elementary stage.
• To expose the students to different basic processes and basic techniques used in Biotechnology.
• To familiarize the learners to understand the relationship of the subject to health, nutrition,environment, agriculture and industry, etc.
• To develop conceptual competence in the learners so as to cope up with professional courses in future career.
• To acquaint students with different applications of Biotechnology in everyday life.
• To develop an interest in students to study biotechnology as a discipline.

COURSE STRUCTURE :

Unit-I Biotechnology: An overview 
Chapter 1: Biotechnology: An Overview

Historical Perspectives, Technology and Applications of Biotechnology, Global market and Biotech Products, Public Perception of Biotechnology, Biotechnology in India and Global Trends

Unit-II Molecules of Life 
Chapter 1: Biomolecules: Building Blocks

Building Blocks of Carbohydrates - Sugars and Their Derivatives, Building Blocks of Proteins - Amino Acids, Building Blocks of Lipids - Simple Fatty Acids, Sphingosine, Glycerol and Cholesterol, Building Blocks of Nucleic Acids - Nucleotides, Biochemical Transformations

Chapter 2: Macromolecules: Structure & Function

Carbohydrates - The Energy Givers, Proteins - The Performers, Enzymes - The Catalysts, Lipids and Biomembranes - The Barriers, Nucleic Acids - The Managers

Unit-III Genetics and Molecular Biology 20 Marks 50 Periods
Chapter 1: Concepts of Genetics

Historical Perspective, Multiple Alleles, Linkage and Crossing Over, Genetic Mapping, Gene Interaction, Sex-Linked Inheritance, Extranuclear Inheritance, Quantitative Inheritance, Genes at the Population Level

Chapter 2: Genes and Genomes: Structure and Function

Discovery of DNA as Genetic Material, DNA Replication, Fine Structure of the Genes, From Gene to Protein, Transcription – The Basic Process, Genetic Code, Translation, Regulation of Gene Expression, Mutations, DNA Repair, Human Genetic Disorders, Genome Organization

Unit IV: Cells and Organisms 
Chapter 1 The Basic Unit of Life

Cell Structure and Components, Tissues and Organs, Stem Cells, Biodiversity, Organization of Life

Chapter 2: Cell Growth and Development

Cell Division, Cell Cycle, Cell Communication, Nutrition, Gaseous Exchange, Internal Transport,Maintaining the Internal Environment, Reproduction, In Vitro Fertilization, Animal and Plant Development, Immune Response in Animals, Programmed Cell Death, Defense Mechanisms in Plants 

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Courtesy: CBSE

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CBSE Class-12 Syllabus 2019-20 (Biology)

The present syllabus provides the students with new concepts along with an extended exposure to contemporary areas of the subject. The syllabus also aims at emphasizing on the underlying principles that are common to both animals and plants as well as highlighting the relationship of Biology with other areas of knowledge. The format of the syllabus allows a simple, clear, sequential flow of concepts. It relates the study of biology to real life through the use of technology. It links the discoveries and innovations in biology to everyday life such as environment, industry, health and agriculture. The updated syllabus also focuses on reducing the curriculum load while ensuring that ample opportunities and scope for learning and appreciating basic concepts of the subject continue to be available within its framework. The prescribed syllabus is expected to: promote understanding of basic principles of Biology; encourage learning of emerging knowledge and its relevance to individual and society; promote rational/scientific attitude towards issues related to population, environment and development; enhance awareness about environmental issues, problems and their appropriate solutions; create awareness amongst the learners about diversity in the living organisms and developing respect for other living beings; appreciate that the most complex biological phenomena are built on essentially simple processes;
It is expected that the students would get an exposure to various branches of Biology in the syllabus in a more contextual and friendly manner as they study its various units.

CLASS XII (2019-20)
(THEORY)

Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks: 70

Unit-VI Reproduction : 30 periods

Chapter-1: Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction - asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction - binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.

Chapter-2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination - types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Chapter-3: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis - spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).

Chapter-4: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control - need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).

Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution : 40 Periods

Chapter-5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance - haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia;
chromosomal disorders in humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.

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CBSE Class-11 Syllabus 2019-20 (Biology)

The present syllabus provides the students with new concepts along with an extended exposure to contemporary areas of the subject. The syllabus also aims at emphasizing on the underlying principles that are common to both animals and plants as well as highlighting the relationship of Biology with other areas of knowledge. The format of the syllabus allows a simple, clear, sequential flow of concepts. It relates the study of biology to real life through the use of technology. It links the discoveries and innovations in biology to everyday life such as environment, industry, health and agriculture. The updated syllabus also focuses on reducing the curriculum load while ensuring that ample opportunities and scope for learning and appreciating basic concepts of the subject continue to be available within its framework. The prescribed syllabus is expected to:

• promote understanding of basic principles of Biology;
• encourage learning of emerging knowledge and its relevance to individual and society;
• promote rational/scientific attitude towards issues related to population, environment and development;
• enhance awareness about environmental issues, problems and their appropriate solutions;
• create awareness amongst the learners about diversity in the living organisms and developing respect for other living beings;
• appreciate that the most complex biological phenomena are built on essentially simple processes;
• It is expected that the students would get an exposure to various branches of Biology in the syllabus in a more contextual and friendly manner as they study its various units

COURSE STRUCTURE :

Unit-I Diversity of Living Organisms 
Chapter-1: The Living World

What is living? Biodiversity; Need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics;concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomymuseums, zoological parks, herbaria, botanical gardens.

Chapter-2: Biological Classification

Five kingdom classification; Salient features and classification of Monera, Protista and Fungi into major groups: Lichens, Viruses and Viroids.

Chapter-3: Plant Kingdom

Salient features and classification of plants into major groups - Algae, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta,Gymnospermae and Angiospermae (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category); Angiosperms - classification upto class, characteristic features and examples.

Chapter-4: Animal Kingdom

Salient features and classification of animals non-chordates up to phyla level and chordates up to class level (three to five salient features and at least two examples of each category).
(No live animals or specimen should be displayed.)

Unit-II Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants 
Chapter-5: Morphology of Flowering Plants

Morphology and modifications: Internal Morphology of different parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit and seed (to be dealt along with the relevant experiment of the Practical Syllabus).

Chapter-6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy and functions of different tissues.

Chapter-7: Structural Organisation in Animals

Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory,respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (a brief account only)

Unit-III Cell: Structure and Function 

Chapter-8: Cell-The Unit of Life

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life: Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope; cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles - structure and function; endomembrane system, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultrastructure and function); nucleus.

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Courtesy: CBSE

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